朱熹是南宋著名学者，作为二程学派的重要传人，创立“闽学”，世称朱子。朱熹在理学的超文本语境下，进行遍注群经式的训诂实践，通过细密的意义表述建构了新的经典解释体系，是训诂学发展至宋代的集大成者，亦对后世训诂发展有着深远影响。本文即在理论训诂学指导下，以朱熹的训诂实践与方法为研究对象，以其中的语境建构现象与成果为中心，既关注他在训诂工作中的具体操作，又关注他对训诂方法和训诂规律的观念认识。

除绪论外，本文共分五个章节展开讨论：

第一章主要就朱熹训诂的背景及其材料特点进行介绍。首先着重关注宋代训诂新变在训诂目标启发、训诂方法丰富两个方面对朱熹训诂的影响。其次基于朱熹对宋代训诂之弊的反思与他治学取向的形成，揭示其训诂材料在内容全面、层次完整两个方面的独特面貌，这使我们能够更加客观地把握其训释过程与思路，更决定了本研究从语境建构的角度考察朱熹训诂。

第二章对朱熹基于字词的语境建构实践与方法进行考察。围绕“虚字”“实字”、“轻字”“重字”、“疏密”“添字”三组字词训诂用语，呈现朱熹字词训诂中的语义语用综合分析、文本语境信息结构分析与训诂表意充分程度评价及语境建构实现的开展过程，揭示了朱熹字词随文释义中层次分明的训诂语境建构过程，其对语境建构的积极态度启发着我们对“增字解经”等成说的再反思。同时，以“专言”“偏言”为中心，考察其来源、朱熹对它们的定称与定义，并在其推广与迁移使用中，揭示朱熹对概念阐释方法初步形成的贡献。随文释义与概念阐释两方面结合，呈现了朱熹基于字词训诂的语境建构成果，共同形成了他从字词语义语用分析出发，根据信息结构自下而上地建构训诂语境的方法。

第三章对朱熹单文本语境建构的实践与方法进行考察。基于朱熹训诂著作体式繁多且功能区分明确的特点，围绕“集注”与“章句”“本义”两类体式考察朱熹的单文本语境语境建构。具体而言，“集注”体式奠定了包含主旨辨说、旧注评价等功能的注释改造模式，运用到《诗集传》《楚辞集注》中，即为辨诗经与楚辞意旨、以赋比兴建构章句语境、淡化礼乐或神异色彩的旧注改造三方面。“章句”“本义”体式形成了分别意旨、层次化解释的文本重构模式，反映到《周易本义》中，即为《周易》经传别行别解、揭示《易传》解释作用、对《易传》做分层解释三方面。此外，还有偏向内容辨异的“考异”体式，如《周易参同契考异》反映了其训诂语境压制文本语境的一面。朱熹的单文本语境训诂实践总的方法在于基于单文本语境整体识解，自上而下统摄不同训诂语境层次，正与基于字词的语境建构扣合为完整的文本语境结构。

第四章对朱熹跨文本训诂的实践与方法进行考察。分别从证实类与反驳类考察其考释论证的训诂材料，总结其考证实践中调用各类意义信息要素、重视将义理或工夫阐发作为意义主题、一致以文本语境作为建构基础的基本特点，并揭示其对跨文本语境建构中“牵合”“穿凿”之弊的关注。朱熹对“巧言令色鲜矣仁”章诸家解释的复杂考辨中，通过对“总会处”的把握，亦即以文本结构作为基本标准衡量跨文本语境建构的正误，对“牵合”“穿凿”之弊作出反思、批评，使其语境建构立于有效的理据整合与重构基础之上，实现了文本语境与超文本语境的有效沟通。“总会处”代表了朱熹对跨文本语境建构限度的自觉把握，形成了综合运用字词与单文本语境训诂手段，基于文本语境结构性认同实现跨文本语境建构的方法。

第五章对朱熹训诂理念的学术根源及其训诂史定位进行探讨。在理念的学术根源方面，文学语言批评的发展是朱熹训诂的语文渊源。其一，诗文批评中习用的字词分析方法，启发了朱熹基于字词语义语用把握语境信息结构的理念。其二，文学独立以后文章辨体意识与实践的发达，与朱熹在训诂体式选择中“形式-功能”相应的理念呼应。同时，理学思想体系亦影响了朱熹训诂对于文本语境结构的追求。其一，朱熹重视“道问学”的宏观理念，奠定了其以文本语境解读与训诂语境建构为基础的治学取向。其二，朱熹重视“圣人言语”的语境结构，经典文本语境称等停当的特点决定了其语境建构追求层层落实对当的总体目标。其三，朱熹基于事物关系“无独必有对”的组织表述特点，确定了在相对关系中进行意义表述和语境建构的基本模型。在训诂史定位方面，朱熹的训诂实践与方法表现出对语境建构的全面自觉，反映了在语境建构的基础上拓展意义表述层次的发展，具有重要的训诂史意义。

Zhu Xi was a famous scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty. As an important successor of the Er Cheng school, he founded the "Min school", known as Zhu Xi. In the hypertext context of Neo Confucianism, Zhu Xi carried out the exegetical practice of annotation and group Sutra, and constructed a new classical interpretation system through detailed meaning expression. He was the master of the development of Exegetics to the Song Dynasty, and also had a far-reaching impact on the development of Exegetics in later generations. Under the guidance of theoretical exegetics, this paper takes Zhu Xi's exegetical practice and methods as the research object, focusing on the phenomenon and achievement of context construction, and paying attention to both his specific operation in exegetical work and his understanding of exegetical methods and rules.

Chapter 1 mainly introduces the background and material characteristics of Zhu Xi's exegesis. First of all, it focuses on the influence of the new changes of the Song Dynasty's Exegetics on Zhu Xi's Exegetics in two aspects: the Enlightenment of the exegetical objectives and the enrichment of the exegetical methods. Secondly, based on Zhu Xi's reflection on the drawbacks of the Song Dynasty's exegesis and the formation of his academic orientation, this paper reveals the unique features of his exegesis materials in terms of comprehensive content and complete levels, which enables us to more objectively grasp the process and ideas of Zhu Xi's exegesis, and determines that this study examines Zhu Xi's exegesis from the perspective of context construction.

Chapter 2 investigates Zhu Xi's practice and method of context construction based on words. Focusing on the three groups of exegetical words of "functional words", "real words", "light words", "heavy words", "density" and "additional words", this paper presents the comprehensive analysis of semantics and pragmatics, the analysis of the information structure of text context, the evaluation of the adequacy of exegetical expression and the implementation process of context construction in Zhu Xi's exegetical words, and reveals the hierarchical process of exegetical context construction in the interpretation of Zhu Xi's words with the text. Its positive attitude towards context construction inspires us to rethink the theory of "adding words to interpret scriptures". At the same time, focusing on "Zhuanyan" and "pianyan", this paper examines the source of these terms, Zhu Xi's definition and definition of them, and reveals Zhu Xi's contribution to the preliminary formation of the concept interpretation method in its promotion and transfer. The combination of text interpretation and concept interpretation presents Zhu Xi's contextual construction achievements based on word exegetics, which jointly reflects the characteristics of his method of constructing exegetical context from bottom to top according to the information structure from the pragmatic analysis of word meaning.

Chapter 3 The third chapter investigates the practice and methods of Zhu Xi's single text context construction. Based on the characteristics of Zhu Xi's exegetical works with various styles and clear functional differentiation, this paper investigates Zhu Xi's single text context construction around the two styles of "Jizhu" and "Benyi". Specifically, the "Jizhu" style has established the annotation transformation mode including the functions of theme discrimination and old annotation evaluation, which has been applied to the Shi Jizhuan anthology and Chuci Jizhu, that is, to distinguish the meaning of the Shi Jing and Chuci, to construct the context of chapters and sentences with Fu comparison, and to weaken the old annotation transformation of ritual music or supernatural color. The "Benyi" form has formed a text reconstruction mode of separate meaning and hierarchical interpretation, which is reflected in the original meaning of the book of changes, namely, the three saints' different actions and interpretations of the book of changes, revealing the explanatory role of Confucius' Book of changes, and hierarchical interpretation under Confucius' Book of changes. In addition, there is a "Kaoyi" style that is biased towards the differentiation of content. For example, textual research on the textual context of the book of changes reflects the fact that its exegetical context suppresses the textual context. Zhu Xi's exegetical practice in the context of single text generally reflects his method characteristics of comprehending different levels of exegetical context from top to bottom based on the overall interpretation of the context of single text.

Chapter 4 investigates the practice and methods of Zhu Xi's Cross text exegetics. This paper examines the exegetical materials of his textual research and argumentation from the perspective of confirmatory and refutative categories, summarizes the basic characteristics of his textual research practice, including invoking all kinds of meaning information elements, taking text context as the basis of construction, and paying attention to the interpretation of meaning as the theme of meaning, and reveals his concern about the disadvantages of "coordination" and "penetration" in cross text context construction. In Zhu Xi's complex textual research on the interpretation of the chapter "the subtle words and expressions are not as good as the benevolence", he reflected and criticized the disadvantages of "collusion" and "penetration" by grasping the "general location", that is, taking the text structure as the basic standard to measure the correctness and error of cross text context construction, so as to make its context construction stand on the basis of effective integration and reconstruction of motivation, and realize the effective communication between text context and hypertext context. "Huihuichu" represents a conscious grasp of the limits of cross text context construction, and reflects the methodological characteristics of the comprehensive use of words and single text context exegetical methods and the realization of cross text context construction based on the structural identity of text context.

Chapter 5 discusses the source of Zhu Xi's exegetical ideas and his historical positioning of exegetical studies. In terms of the source of ideas, the development of literary language criticism is the Chinese origin of Zhu Xi's exegesis. First, the word analysis method used in poetry criticism inspired Zhu Xi's idea of information structure investigation based on the semantic and pragmatic meaning of words. Second, after the independence of literature, the development of the consciousness and practice of distinguishing style of articles echoed Zhu Xi's corresponding idea of "form function" in the choice of exegetical style. At the same time, the ideological system of Neo Confucianism also influenced the ideological framework of Zhu Xi's exegesis. First, Zhu Xi attached great importance to the macro concept of "Taoism and inquiry", which established his academic orientation centered on the interpretation of text context and the construction of exegetical context. Second, Zhu Xi attached great importance to the context structure of "sage's speech". The characteristics of the context of classical texts, such as "appropriate", determined the overall goal of its context construction to implement the appropriate level by level. Third, based on the organizational expression characteristics of the category of Neo Confucianism, "no one is alone, there must be right", Zhu Xi determined the basic model of meaning expression and context construction in the relative relationship. In terms of the orientation of the history of exegetics, Zhu Xi's Exegetics showed a conscious and comprehensive disclosure of the relationship between meaning, reflecting the historical development of reconstructing the meaning space of exegetical expression on the basis of the construction of context, which determined its milestone status in completing the basic system of meaning expression in the history of exegetics.