情感是人与外界环境或他人接触时产生的喜、怒、哀、惧等心理体验，它会通过言语、神态、动作等形式表现出来。情感类成语指的是成语中表达人心理情感的一部分词语，在生活中较为常见。本文从《分类汉语成语大词典》和《汉语成语分类大辞典》中选取表示喜悦、悲伤、焦急、心安等10种心理感受的成语，共609个，从构成语素、整体语义、语法结构和语法功能等角度，对该类成语展开了细致的分析。主要结论如下：

该类成语的构词语素主要有与人相关的元素、自然界相关元素和抽象性状三大类。与人相关元素可细分为人体内部组织、人体头部元素、人的肢体与精神元素等、人的动作和状态四类。其中，“心”“肝”“肠”等内部组织和“眉”“目”等语素出现数量较多，这与情感所带来的生理反应和整体性的思维方式密不可分。自然界相关元素包括以“天”“地”、气象等为代表的自然现象和动植物，与之相关的成语整体更加生动形象，体现了具象化的思维方式。抽象性状部分主要是由人的温觉、视觉、味觉、知觉等感知到的颜色、冷热和数字等较为抽象的元素。这些语素组合搭配，从心理状态、神态表情、动作行为三个方面描写、说明人们的不同情感。在心理状态中，不同情感类型的成语又可从程度、是否有特指的原因等方面进行细分。神态表情类通过对面部器官变化的描写，反映不同的情感。动作行为类则通过对不同情感状态下人的典型动作的刻画，表现情感。三方面不是截然分开的，部分词语融合了神态和心理或者动作和神态。

该类成语的语法结构有联合式、非联合式、紧缩式三大类。联合式根据语法关系可细分为述宾、主谓、偏正、述补几种，还有两部分语法关系不一致或无法细分的混合式。非联合式可分为主谓、述补、偏正、连动、述宾、兼语几种。紧缩式成语的结构不明晰，多源于典故或选取自古文，所占比重很小。

就语法功能而言，该类成语可以分为名词性、动词性、形容词性三类。名词性成语以作宾语和主语居多；动词性成语以谓语、状语为主；形容词性成语主要作谓语、定语和状语。同一语法性质的成语会有一些共性，但不同的成语受其语义与结构的影响，充当句法成分时会有各自的特点。

就情感类成语而言，其内部结构大部分较为清晰，且在语素选取上有一定的规律。所以在教学中可以采用语素教学和结构分析相结合的方法，引导学生理解成语的整体语义，帮助学生更好地了解和记忆成语的语义和用法。

Emotion is a variety of psychological experiences such as joy, anger, sorrow, and fear that people have when they are in contact with the external environment or others. Emotional idioms refer to some words that express people's psychological emotions, which are common in life. This paper selects 609 idioms representing 10 psychological feelings such as joy, sadness, anxiety, and peace of mind from the "Classified Chinese Idiom Dictionary" and "Chinese Idiom Classification Dictionary". From the perspective of morphemes, semantics, grammatical structure and grammatical function, a detailed analysis of this kind of idioms is carried out, and the main conclusions are as follows:

The morphemes of this kind of idioms are mainly divided into three categories: human-related elements, nature-related elements and abstract elements. Human-related elements can be subdivided into four categories: human internal organization, human head elements, human limbs and spiritual elements, and human actions and states. Among them, internal combinations such as "heart", "liver" and "gut" and morphemes such as "eyebrows" and "eyes" appear in large numbers, which are inseparable from the physiological response brought by emotion and the integral thinking. Nature-related elements include natural phenomena represented by "heaven", "earth", weather, etc, animals and plants, which are more vivid as a whole and reflect the concrete thinking. The abstract elements are mainly the elements such as colors, hot and cold, and numbers perceived by people's sense of temperature, vision, taste, perception, etc. These morphemes are combined and matched to describe and explain people's different emotions from three aspects: psychological state, facial expression, and action behavior. In the psychological state, idioms of different emotional types can be subdivided in terms of degree and whether there is a specific reason. The facial expression class reflects different emotions through the description of the changes of the facial organs. The action-behavior category expresses emotion by highlighting and depicting the typical actions of people in different emotional states. The three aspects are not completely separated, and some words combine expression and psychology or action and expression.

The grammatical structure of these idioms can be classified into three categories: associative, non-associative, and condensed. The combined type is subdivided into predicate-object structure, subject-predicate structure, attributive structure, and predicate-complement structure according to the grammatical relationship, and there is also a hybrid type in which the grammatical relationship between the two parts is inconsistent or cannot be subdivided. Non-combination can be divided into subject-predicate structure, predicate-complement structure, attributive structure, serial verb construction, predicate-object structure, and subjective-object structure. The structure of condensed idioms is not clear, and most of them are derived from allusions or selected from ancient texts, and their proportion is very small.

In terms of grammatical functions, these idioms can be divided into three categories: nominal, verbal, and adjective. Noun idioms are mostly used as objects and subjects; verb idioms are mainly used as predicates and adverbs; adjective idioms are mainly used as predicates, attributives and adverbs. Idioms of the same grammatical nature have some commonalities, but different idioms have their own characteristics when they act as syntactic components due to their semantics and structure.

As far as emotional idioms are concerned, most of their internal structures are relatively clear, and there are certain rules in the selection of morphemes. Therefore, the combination of morphological teaching and structural analysis can be used to guide students to understand the overall semantics of idioms, so as to help students better understand and remember the semantics of idioms.