从分散走向统一是两周历史的主线之一，其主要表现形式是不同族团、不同族姓的邦国由存在走向灭亡，由林立走向兼并。本文的研究即以两周由分散到统一为背景，对列国的族、姓、存、灭进行研究，兼及列国世系，从具体问题的考证入手，渐次揭示历史发展的趋势。本文目前只对鲁、献、不羹、凡、毕、蔡、褒、霸、鄋瞒、廧咎如、曹、陈、卫等十三个邦国进行了考证。经过考证，厘清了一些有争议的问题。譬如，通过梳理鲁国的太庙与祭祀体系，可以得知始封君当为周公而非伯禽；鲁国为楚国所灭，灭亡时间记载颇多，但当以楚考烈王七年（公元前256年）之载最为可信；在西周春秋时期，“鲁公”当为伯禽之专称；西周鲁魏公、厉公、献公三位国君积年过长，《史记·鲁周公世家》对这段世系的记载当有疏漏。献（天黾）为殷商时处于政治核心地位的氏族；周武王时其首领（或其中一支的首领）丁侯归附周王室，在西周初期受到周王室的礼遇和重用。不羹与秦国“不更”之爵当无关联，不羹也未必为嬴姓；河南所发现的北舞渡、尧城岗古城，当即东、西二不羹故城；根据楚国北扩的大势以及鲁襄公十四年诸侯伐许的进军路线，可以推测楚国吞并二不羹的时间当在楚灵王即位之后。凡为姬周之国，金文中所见凡姬、凡姜、凡媿，均为嫁至凡国的异姓女子，而不能说明凡国之姓。毕国为姬周之国，当无所谓的媿姓之毕国；毕国始封当在武王克商之前，始封君即毕公高；旧说毕国在春秋以前已经灭亡，但根据金文材料可知，毕国灭亡甚晚，到战国时期周王朝仍有“毕公”；毕国有若干国君世系可以恢复，如第一代毕公高、第二代毕仲，以及西周晚期的毕叔与毕伯克等；但如《毕伯硕父鬲》与《毕鲜簋》，当与毕公高家族和毕国无关。蔡国为姬周之国，并无所谓“姞姓之蔡”；蔡叔度虽为罪人，但蔡国仍以蔡叔度为始封之祖；蔡国四次被楚国灭亡，分别于亡于楚灵王、楚惠王、楚悼王和楚宣王时，后两次在战国时期；金文多见蔡侯，如得见安徽寿县所出蔡侯 器、湖北所出《蔡侯朱缶》、近出《蔡侯从剑》等，均厘清了一些历史疑难问题。根据“清华简”《系年》可知，在古文字中“褒”写作“孚”，由此辨认出一批褒国的青铜器；《国语·郑语》所见之“褒姁”，当为褒君姁姓夫人之称。霸为西周时期颇为活跃的、与晋国毗邻的邦国；学者对霸国的族属讨论颇多，目前尚无定论；霸国公族之姓，有姞姓、媿姓二说，亦无定论。旧说以为“鄋瞒”属“长狄”，但据学者研究发现，长狄并非一支狄人之总称，而是对个别身材长大的狄人之称；鄋瞒之衰灭，在鲁宣公、鲁文公时期，而不可上溯至齐襄公时期。廧咎如之族属，有白狄、赤狄二说，当以赤狄说为是；战国金文有“咎奴”，旧释为“咎如”，以为即廧咎如，今多释作“高奴”或“皋奴”，当与“廧咎如”并无关系。曹国在鲁哀公八年（公元前487年）为宋所灭，《孟子》所见“曹交”、《墨子》所见“曹公子”，均不能说明战国时期仍有曹国。陈国始封与胡公和大姬的联姻紧密相连，陈国始封君不止有陈胡公，大姬在很大程度上也享有始封君的地位；陈胡公之“胡公”当非谥号，而是生前死后通用的美称；“上博简”九《举治王天下》篇所见之“ 公”，当与陈胡公无关，而是“闳夭”之尊称。卫国世系问题颇多，由此导致历来对卫国灭亡时间的争议也极大，本文为解决此问题，对卫国世系中的卫康叔、康伯、卫疌伯、康公、卫武公、卫戴公、卫文公、卫出公、卫侯虔、子南劲、卫嗣君、卫元君、卫君角等国君的世系与纪年进行逐一考证，最后得出结论，认为卫国灭亡时间当在秦二世元年，晚于秦一统十二年，而不应上调至秦一统之年甚至更早。因时间所限，本文目前呈现的成果，只是全部结构的一小部分。文章研究的十三个邦国，并非特别择取，只是将目前已完成的内容呈现于论文中。其余尚未成文的邦国，以“存目”的形式附于正文考证部分的最后，以待日后继续研究。

One of the main thread of the Zhou Dynasty is from dispersion to unification. Many ethnic groups and states perished, as a result, bigger states appeared. The background of my study is this main thread. In this thesis, I mainly focus on establishment, perdition, ethnic Groups, surnames and lineages of the states in the Zhou Dynasty. For now, I just studied 13 states, which are Lu(魯), Xian(獻), Bulang(不羹), Fan(凡), Bi(畢), Cai(蔡), Bao(褒), Ba(霸), Souman(鄋瞞), Qiangjiuru(廧咎如), Cao(曹), Chen(陳), Wei(衛). After discrimination, I had some new opinions on certain issues. For example, the first Duke of Lu State was ZhouGong rather than Boqin; Lu State was merged by Chu State in 256 B.C.; In the Western Zhou Dynasty and Chunqiu Period, “Duke Lu” was the special title for Boqin; The reign of Duke Wei, Duke Li and Duke Xian was too long, which meant the record in ShiJi might be wrong. Xian(Tianmian) used to be a very important aristocratic family in the Shang Dynasty. In the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, the chief of Xian(Tianmian) surrendered to King Wu and earned a bright future for his house. Bulang should not be related to Bugeng(不更), which was one of the titles of nobility in Qin Dynasty. In addition, there is no evidence that the surname of Bulang is Ying. Beiwudu and Yaochenggang archaeological sites in Henan Province should be the remains of eastern and western Bulang. Bulang was merged by King Ling of Chu State. In bronze inscriptions, there are many ladies related to Fan State, such as Fan Ji, Fan Jiang, Fan Wei. They were ladies who married to Fan State. The surname of Bi was Ji instead of Wei. Bi state was enfeoffed before Zhou replace Shang and the first Duke of Bi was Duke Gao. According to bronze inscriptions, Bi still existed in Warring States Period. A few Dukes of Bi were rediscovered in bronze inscriptions. The surname of Cai was Ji(姬) instead of Ji(姞). The first Duke of Cai was Cai Shudu even though he started a rebellion after King Wu died. Cai State was was merged by Chu State for four times. Many Dukes of Cai can be found in bronze inscriptions. Scholars recently recognized the character “Bao” in Tsinghua Bamboo Slips, as a result, several bronze vessels with inscriptions about Bao State was rediscovered. Ba was an active state in the Western Zhou Dynasty, but we can’t be sure about its ethnic group and surname. Souman was not as same as Changdi. Souman was eliminated in middle Chunqiu Period rather than early Chunqiu Period. Qiangjiuru belonged to Chidi. “Jiunu” In bronze inscription is not the same thing as Qiangjiuru. Cao state was merged by Song State in 487B.C., there was no evidence to show that Cao State still existed in Warring States Period. The enfeoffment of Chen State was highly connected with marriage between Duke Hu and Da Ji, the eldest daughter of King Wu. There are many confusions about the lineage of Wei State, which cause different opinions on the time of perdition of Wei State. Therefore, I have studied on Kang Shu, Kang Bo, Jie Bo, Duke Kang, Duke Wu, Duke Dai, Duke Wen, Duke Chu, Lord Qian, Zinan Jin, Lord Si, Lord Yuan, Lord Jiao, and finally found Wei State was perish in the first year of Emperor Qin II, 12 years later than the First Emperor’s unification. These 13 states I studied is only a small part of States in the Zhou Dynasty. I will finish the rest part in the future.