摘　要 伊恩#麦克尤恩（Ian McEwan 1947-）是英国当代最具影响力的小说家之一。身体是麦克尤恩小说作品中一以贯之的重要的文学母题。在其不同语境的作品中，身体呈现出不同的表达和形态。本文以麦克尤恩的长篇小说《黑犬》、《在切瑟尔海滩上》、《阿姆斯特丹》、《无辜者》、《时间中的孩子》和《星期六》为研究对象，将身体分别置于历史、文化及政治视阈中，结合心理分析、创伤、阶级、消费文化及身体规训等相关理论，采用文本细读的方法，试图分析麦克尤恩小说在历史、文化及政治语境下的身体境遇与身体形态。通过结合文本的叙事及主题表达，试图从以上三个方面呈现出一幅英国社会动态的、立体的身体图景，从而揭示麦克尤恩对历史、文化及政治的深层思考，展现其宽阔的人文视野和浓郁的人文情怀。 身体在二战的历史语境下是苦难的、屈辱的、布满创伤的，是承载大屠杀创伤记忆的身体。在保守文化和消费文化下，身体呈现阶级差异、性别歧视以及自恋的特征。劳动阶级和支配阶级与他们各自的身体之间形成不同的关系；消费文化下女性的身体仍旧是男性霸权话语凝视的客体；消费文化下滋生出自恋型身体。身体在政治领域里是知识-权力话语下被规训的身体，并体现出鲜明的身体政治。随着冷战的世界政治秩序的形成，英国人陷入民族身份危机，身体也随之呈现出自卑和自负的双重形态，四分五裂的柏林城是冷战时期身体政治的形象喻指。撒切尔官僚政体时期身体是被权力所规训的、驯服的身体。9?11后反恐政治话语中身体成为随时被捕捉、被伤害的身体，同时媒体暴力在很大程度上形塑了行动和思考的主体。 本论文共五个部分，包括绪论、一至三章正文和结论。 正文第一章聚焦于历史对身体的铭写。身体是暴力的最直接的呈现。纳粹暴力带给人类的是身体和精神的双重伤害。本章以《黑犬》为分析文本。首先结合弗洛伊德、卡露丝及哈布瓦赫等思想家的心理分析、创伤及集体记忆等理论，从身体和精神方面展现战争对身体的铭写以及对大屠杀的创伤记忆。其次，身体既是存在的实体，也是思想的载体。从思想层面，本章结合思想家鲍曼、哈耶克对唯科学主义的阐释，试图展现纳粹的唯科学主义在人们的思想中留下的印记。 第二章集中探讨身体在英国社会60年代保守文化及90年代消费文化下的不同呈现。身体是未完成的身体，身体的形成深受意识形态、社会文化的影响，不同的文化话语下，身体展现出不同的形态。本章以小说《在切瑟尔海滩上》和《阿姆斯特丹》为分析文本，结合社会学家布尔迪厄的阶级、思想家福柯的凝视及社会学家费瑟斯通的消费文化等相关理论，在文化语境中展现身体在阶级差别、性别差异以及消费文化下的不同形态。 第三章聚焦于政治语境下的身体。身体卷入政治，进入知识-权力编织的网络之中，身体便被权力标记和铭刻、规训与惩罚。本章将身体置于冷战、撒切尔政体、9?11后反恐时代三个不同的政治时期，以《无辜者》、《时间中的孩子》及《星期六》为分析文本，主要结合运用福柯的身体理论，试图探讨冷战时期的身体政治、撒切尔官僚体制下权力对身体的规训以及9?11后西方反恐政治话语下身体的境遇。 从历史语境到文化领域再到政治话语，麦克尤恩在展现英国社会身体全貌的同时，也折射出他强烈的历史责任感和使命感、鲜明的阶级和身份意识以及对人性充满关怀的悲悯之心。 关键词：麦克尤恩；身体；创伤；消费文化；规训

A Study of the Body in Ian McEwan’s Novels Under the Contexts of History, Culture and Politics Abstract Ian McEwan (1947-) is one of the most influential contemporary novelists in Britain. As an important literary motif in McEwan's novels, the body can always find its different expressions in different contexts of his works. By bringing into analytical scope of his novels Black Dogs, On Chesil Beach, Amsterdam, The Innocent, The Child in Time, Saturday, this dissertation attempts to analyze the circumstances and shapes of the body in McEwan's novels under the contexts of history, culture and politics by employing theories such as psychoanalysis, trauma, class, consumer culture, the body discipline and other related theories through close reading. By combining the narrative and thematic expression of the text, this dissertation attempts to unveil a dynamic panorama of the body of the British society from the above three aspects so as to reveal McEwan's deep insights on history, culture and politics, as well as his broad humanistic vision and strong humanistic concerns. The body is full of suffering, humiliation and trauma in the historical context of World War II. It bears the memories of the holocaust trauma. While in the cultural discourse, it is characterized by class differences, sexism, and narcissism respectively in conservative and consumer cultures. People from working class and dominant class respectively develop different relation with their bodies. The female body has always been the object of male’s gaze under the patriarchal discourse. Narcissistic bodies are bred under the consumer culture. In the field of politics, however, the body is disciplined by knowledge-power discourse. At the same time body politics is displayed through the power. Under the world political order of the Cold War, the British people fell into the national identity crisis with their bodies showing the state of being both inferior and conceited. The fragmentation of the city of Berlin fully presents the body politics. Both in the political era of Thatcherism and under the anti-terrorism political discourse after 9?11, the body was disciplined to varying degrees. At the same time, the media violence after 9?11 shaped people as to some extent as the subjects of action and thinking. This dissertation consists of five parts, including introduction, 1-3 chapters and conclusions. The first chapter focuses on the inscriptions on the body in the context of history. The body is the best manifestation of violence. Nazi violence brought to the human beings trauma both physically and psychologically. Taking black dogs as the analysis text, this chapter opens firstly with the demonstration of the inscriptions of war on the body from the physical and mental aspects by employing the psychological analysis, trauma, collective memory and other theories of thinkers such as Freud, Caruth and Halbwachs. As the entity of existence the boy carries thoughts. The chapter then proceeds with the demonstration of the imprint of Nazi scientism in people's thoughts under the interpretation of scientism by great thinkers of Bauman and Hayek. The second chapter focuses on the different expressions of the body respectively in the conservative culture in the 1960s and the consumer culture in the 1990s. The body is incomplete and is shaped by ideology and social culture showing different shapes under different cultural discourses. Taking On Chesil Beach and Amsterdam as the analysis texts, in the context of culture, this chapter explores the shapes of the body under the class, gender and consumer culture by employing theories concerning Bourdieu's class, Foucault's gaze, Featherstone's consumer culture and other related theories. The third chapter attempts to explore the expressions of the body in the political context. Once involved in politics and left in the network of knowledge and power, the body is then marked and engraved by power, disciplined and punished. In this chapter, the body is interpreted in the contexts of three important political periods: the Cold War, Thatcher's reign, and the post-9?11anti-terrorism.Taking The Innocent, The child in Time and Saturday as the analysis texts, by mainly using Foucault's body theory, the chapter attempts to explore the body politics during the Cold War and the discipline of power over the body under the Thatcher government. At the same time, this chapter tries to reveal the body shaped by the Western anti-terrorism discourse after 9?11. From the historical context to the cultural field and then to the political discourse, McEwan not only unveils the panorama of the body in the British society, but also shows his strong historical sense of responsibility and mission, strong sense of class and identity, as well as his compassion for human beings. KEY WORDS：McEwan; body; trauma; consumer culture; discipline