本文应用景观考古学中的现象学方法以及GIS空间分析方法，结合卫星影像，通过对牛河梁遗址各个积石冢地点以及良渚古城遗址各主要地点进行实地走访，绘制各地点的环形视域图，并应用GIS对各地点进行可视域分析，研究牛河梁遗址与良渚古城遗址的景观格局与可视性。研究表明，牛河梁遗址大部分积石冢点都分布在海拔500-700米、2-7度的坡度、偏西坡向山梁的山脊线上，由近及远的典型景观特征为向山梁低处倾斜的坡地、周围的山梁、偏西方向的开阔地带以及猪首山及其周围的山梁。牛河梁遗址的许多主要地点同猪首山关系密切，坡向、视域开阔的地带都朝向猪首山。但猪首山在不同地点的形态与视觉距离不同。GIS可视域分析、通视网络分析、数字地形分析、最短路径分析以及各地点在卫星影像的分布情况表明，牛河梁遗址第一至第五地点、第十至十三地点之间的关系最为密切，是牛河梁遗址的核心区。良渚古城周边醒目的景观要素主要是各种山体，包括大观山、大遮山、莫角山、窑山、南山、栲栳山等。其景观格局以及利用景观影响人的感官、传递信息、表达社会观念等方面要比牛河梁更复杂。从灵性本体论的视角看，在景观中的人与物都在不断运动的背景下，重要景观要素对人感官的影响、对神灵观念以及认同感的表达，使得景观将社会中的人地物事联系在一起，让牛河梁和良渚古城遗址都是一个富有灵动但又不失秩序感的社会。比较后发现，牛河梁遗址与良渚遗址在山地对景观的重要性、景观的社会意义及其同物质文化之间的联系等方面具有一定的相似性。

This article researches into the patterns of landscape and visibility of Niuheliang and Liangzhu Site, using phenomenological approach and GIS spatial analysis method, by visiting the main locales of each site, drawing the view circle map of each locale and conducting GIS viewshed analysis to each locale. It is demonstrated that, most locales in Niuheliang Site locate in mountain ridges in which the height ranges from 500 to 700 meters, the slope ranges from 2 to 7 degrees and the aspect is around the west. The typical landscape features of most locales are sloping fields, mountain ridges nearby, open areas to the west, Mulan Mountain (named Pig Head Mountain alternatively) and its surrounding ridges. Many main locales of Niuheliang Site have closed relationships with the Mulan Mountain, which means the slope and open areas orient to the Mulan Mountain. But people in different places would sense different shapes and visual distances. By utilizing GIS viewshed analysis, intervisibility analysis, digital terrain analysis, shortest path analysis and analyzing the distribution patters of sites in the satellite image, it is discovered that Locale 1 to Locale 5 and Locale 10 to Locale 13 have closed relations and they are located in the main areas of Niuheliang Site. The striking landscape elements around Liangzhu Site are mainly various mountains and hills, including Daguan Mountain, Dazhe Mountain, Mojiao Mountain, Yao Mountain, Nan Mountain and Kaolao Mountain. The landscape pattern and the way that landscape influences people’s perceptions, transmits information and expresses social ideas in Liangzhu site is more complicated that those in Niuheliang Site. From the perspective of animism ontology, in the context of the movement of people and things in landscape, the influences of important landscape elements to human perceptions and the expression of those elements to spiritual ideas and the sense of belonging connect the humans, places, objects and things as a whole, which allows Niuheliang and Liangzhu to be both a vital and ordered society. By comparison, there are some similarities of the landscape in Niuhelaing and Liangzhu Site, regarding the importance of striking mountains, the social meanings of landscape and the relationships between landscape and material culture.