近年来，个体对自己活动的监控和调节等高级认知过程受到研究者的普遍重视，元认知调节已经成为当代心理学研究的热点问题之一。对元认知调节过程进行深入的研究，从理论和实践的角度来看都具有重要意义。本研究的主要目的是探索元认知调节过程的测量学结构，并开发一套用于衡量个体元认知调节水平的测评系统。其中，研究一以在读研究生为被试，通过实验和方差分析技术，考察心理负荷对在线监测准确性的影响，确定哪类监测指标适合于测量学研究；研究二和研究三均以公司职员被被试，利用探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析，分别对元认知在线调节和元认知离线调节的结构进行探索与验证；研究四仍旧以公司职员为被试，利用层次线性回归分析和层次Logistic回归分析，对元认知调节测评工具的效标关联效度进行多方面检验。研究的主要结论包括：1） 个体在任务过程中的心理负荷水平会影响其对任务解决过程的监测准确性：心理负荷水平越高，监测的准确性越低。心理负荷水平还会影响监测的偏差：心理负荷水平极低时，在线监测不会出现偏差；心理负荷水平较低时，个体表现出过高自信；随着心理负荷水平继续增大，判断偏差消失；但当心理负荷水平变得极大时，个体表现出过低自信2） 元认知调节过程的两成分五因素测量模型得到研究验证。根据元认知调节活动发生的时间、作用的范围、以及作用的对象，元认知调节过程可以划分为在线调节和离线调节两大成分，其中在线调节包括在线监测和在线控制两个维度，离线调节包括全局规划、洞察力和整合概化三个维度。3） 公司中层领导在元认知调节的某些方面有别于普通员工，且这种差异会因部门职能的不同而有所区别：销售类部门的经理需要具备较高的离线整合概化水平，和一定的在线监测能力；支持类部门的经理更需要具备的是离线洞察力。另外，对于销售部门的普通员工，较低的在线监测水平容易导致低的销售业绩，但较低的在线控制水平反而使销售业绩更有保障；对于支持类部门，全局规划水平与员工的发明创造活动存在负向相关。4） 个体在回答自陈量表时的反应夸大行为与其元认知调节过程存在密切联系，其中较低的在线监测准确性与较强的反应夸大趋势间的相关可以理解为个体的“自我欺骗”机制，而较高的全局规划、整合概化水平与较强的反应夸大趋势间的相关则应该归结为个体的“印象管理”机制。5） 本研究所设计的元认知调节过程测评系统——MeRA具有较好的心理测量学品质，施测与评分过程客观化、标准化，兼顾了测量的便捷性与准确性，可以应用于实践领域。

The higher level processes such as monitoring and controlling of cognitive behavior were pervasively emphasized recent years, and metacognitive regulation (MR) was regarded as one of the hot-point of contemporary psychological studies. The significance of scientific researches on MR is momentous both in theoretical and practical fields. The purpose of the present study was to explore the psychometric structure of MR, and construct a set of instrument to assess MR level. Study 1 was an experimental study which was conducted based on 41 graduated students. The impact of mental loading on the accuracy of on-line monitoring was studied through analysis of variance, and which index of monitoring accuracy was better for psychometric intention was discussed. Study 2 and Study 3 investigated the structure of on-line metacognitive regulation and off-line metacognitive regulation respectively, using the Exploratory Factor Analysis and the Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Study 4 investigated the Criterion-related Validity of MR assessing instrument through Hierarchical Linear Regression Analysis and Hierarchical Logistic Regression Analysis. The data of the last three studies were gathered in an IT company in China. The following findings were obtained:1) The monitoring accuracy was affected by the mental loading which was generated by the task situation. The higher is the mental loading level, the lower is the monitoring accuracy. The monitoring bias was also affected by mental loading. When the mental loading level varied from very low to very high, the monitoring bias changed from “No bias” to “Over confidence”, then to “No bias”, and finally to “Under confidence”.2) The Two-component-Five-factor measurement model of MR was confirmed. According to the regulation time, area and object, MR could be decomposed into two components: on-line regulation and off-line regulation. On-line regulation was consisted of on-line monitoring and on-line control, while off-regulation was consisted of global-planning, insight and generalizing.3) The manager is different from the employee on their MR level. Managers in sales departments had higher off-line generalizing level and on-line monitoring level, however, managers in support department had higher off-line insight level. For the employee, on the other side, low level of on-line monitoring led to bad sales credits, whereas low level of off-line global-planning led to more creative activities. 4) The exaggerating reaction tendency which was observed in one’s responce to self-report questionnaires, had a close relationship to MR processes. The negative correlation between on-line monitoring and exaggerating reaction could be attributed to Self-Deception, while the positive correlation between off-line global-planning, generalizing and exaggerating reaction could be attributed to Impression Management.In conclusion, the metacognitive regulation assessing instrument ( MeRA ) was proved to have high psychometric quality. In addition, the administrating and scoring of MeRA were objective and standardized and it could be used in practice.