内分泌干扰物质（也称环境激素，EDCs）具有致癌、促癌以及致畸作用，对动物免疫、代谢以及神经、生殖内分泌、泌尿等系统都有影响，特别影响动物的生殖能力和子代的存活能力，进而影响种群动态。为了评价EDCs对硬骨鱼繁殖的影响，特别是在低浓度暴露状态下对体外受精、孵化的硬骨鱼早期受精及胚胎发育的影响，本文模拟野外环境，以水域中常见的污染EDCs——17β-雌二醇（E2）、二氯二苯基二氯乙烯（DDE）、壬基酚（NP）、三丁基锡（TBT）对梭鱼、鲂鲌杂种F1、赤眼鳟进行了慢性毒性试验。试验期间观察了不同EDCs暴露浓度下精子活力、受精率、孵化率、畸形率、仔鱼成活率以及胚胎发育等指标的变化，建立了剂量-效应关系以及低浓度暴露状态下硬骨鱼对EDCs的敏感性，为EDCs水污染监测与生态风险评价提供基础数据。主要结果与结论如下：1、梭鱼受精率与E2、DDE、NP的剂量呈显著正相关。随着TBT浓度的升高梭鱼受精率逐渐降低，TBT对梭鱼受精率无显著影响。由梭鱼受精率的得出的E2的最高无明显作用浓度（NOEC）、最低明显作用浓度（LOEC）、最大允许毒物浓度（MATC）分别为1ng/l、10ng/l、3.16 ng/l，NP的NOEC和LOEC、MATC分别为0.1μg /l、1μg /l、0.32μg /l，梭鱼对E2的敏感性高于NP。E2、DDE、NP、TBT对梭鱼孵化率无显著影响。梭鱼畸形仔鱼特点是脊柱侧弯（上弯、下弯），卵黄囊内有物质沉积。2、鲂鲌杂种F1、赤眼鳟的精子窜动时间、受精率与E2、DDE、NP、TBT的剂量呈显著负相关，仔鱼畸形率与E2、DDE、NP、TBT的剂量呈显著正相关。E2、DDE、NP、TBT对鲂鲌杂种F1、赤眼鳟的孵化率、仔鱼成活率无显著影响。鲂鲌杂种F1、赤眼鳟的孵化率随各种EDCs浓度升高逐渐降低。鲂鲌杂种F1和赤眼鳟畸形鱼特点是脊柱侧弯（上弯、下弯）；卵黄囊吸收不平衡；不能自由游泳，转圈游；畸形鱼心跳比正常鱼快，统计分析差异极显著。3、由精子窜动时间、受精率、仔鱼畸形率得出EDCs对梭鱼、鲂鲌杂种F1、赤眼鳟的NOEC、LOEC、MATC，E2、NP对梭鱼的MATC分别为3.16ng/l、0.32μg/l，E2、NP、TBT对赤眼鳟的MATC分别为0.32ng/l、0.32μg/l、3.16ng/l，E2、DDE、NP、TBT对鲂鲌杂种F1的MATC分别为0.32ng/l、0.32μg/l、0.32μg/l、31.62ng/l，可判断硬骨鱼对E2 、TBT的敏感性高于NP、DDE，且E2高于TBT。综上结果，可判断水体中较为常见的几种EDCs（E2、DDE、NP、TBT）对硬骨鱼类受精及胚胎发育过程均有重要影响，主要敏感指标有精子运动时间、受精率及仔鱼畸形率。我们所获得的敏感指标、各指标与EDCs的剂量效应曲线方程以及低浓度暴露状态下硬骨鱼对EDCs的敏感性可作为评价这几种EDCs对鱼类新加入群体早期死亡率影响的重要参考。

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) or environmental hormones are synthetic chemicals or naturally occurred compounds which have hormone-mimicking actions in vivo. They may interfere the physiological balance of an animal’s endocrine system, impairing growth, reproduction and survival of the animal and decrease its fitness at the population level. The objective of this research is to determine the effects of EDCs on reproduction of the teleosts, especially their effects on sperm motility, fertilization rate and embryonic development at low dose. We measured sperm motility, fertilization rate, deformity rate, larva survival rate and embryonic development of three fish species , Liza haematocheila, F1 hybrid (Megalobrama amblycephala idella×Erythroculter ilishaeformis) and Squaliobarbus curriculus Richardson, under exposure of the common pollutants EDCs—17β-Estradiol(E2), Dichlorodiphenyldichloro-Ethylene(DDE), Nonylphenol(NP) and Tributyltin(TBT)，respectively. Dose-effect correlations and sensitivity of teleost to EDCs (E2, DDE, NP, TBT) of the lower concentration exposures were evaluated, to contribute basic data to water pollution control and risk assessment. The main results are as follows: 1 Significant negative correlation was observed between the fertilization rate of Liza haematocheila when exposed to the E2, DDE and NP. The fertilization rate gradually decreased with the hoist of TBT concentrations. The no observable effect concentration (NOEC) and the lowest observable effect concentration (LOEC) and the maximum acceptable (MATC) obtained from the fertilization rate when exposed to E2 were 1 ng/l, 10 ng/l, 3.16ng/l. The NOEC and LOEC and MATC obtained from the fertilization rate when exposed to NP were 0.1μg /l, 1μg /l, 0.32μg /l. The sensitivity of Liza haematocheila when exposed to E2 was higher than NP. E2, DDE, NP, TBT had no significant effect on hatching rate of Liza haematocheila. The characteristics of the malformation larvaes of Liza haematocheila were scoliosis (upper bending and lower bending) and substance deposition at the yolk sac.2、Significant negative correlation was observed between the sperm motility and fertilization rate of F1 hybrid (Megalobrama amblycephala idella×Erythroculter ilishaeformis) and Squaliobarbus curriculus Richardson when exposed to the E2, DDE, NP,TBT. Significant positive correlations were observes between the deformity rate of F1 hybrid (Megalobrama amblycephala idella×Erythroculter ilishaeformis) and Squaliobarbus curriculus Richardson when exposed to the concentrations of E2, DDE, NP, TBT. The hatching rate of F1 hybrid (Megalobrama amblycephala idella×Erythroculter ilishaeformis) and Squaliobarbus curriculus Richardson gradually decreased when exposed to the increasing concentrations of E2, DDE, NP and TBT. E2, DDE, NP, TBT had no significant effect on hatching rate and survival rate of F1 hybrid (Megalobrama amblycephala idella×Erythroculter ilishaeformis) and Squaliobarbus curriculus Richardson. The characteristics of the malformation larvae were scoliosis (upper bending and lower bending), unbalance of absorption of yolk sac, unable to free-swimming and quicker heartbeats of malformed fishes than the normal fishes. The data of heartbeats were significantly different by statistical analysis.3、We obtained the NOEC, LOEC, MATC from sperm motility, fertilization rate and deformity rate of Liza haematocheila, F1 hybrid (Megalobrama amblycephala idella×Erythroculter ilishaeformis) and Squaliobarbus curriculus Richardson. Teleost were more sensitive when exposed to E2, TBT than exposed to DDE, NP. Teleost were more sensitive when exposed to E2 than exposed to TBT.In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that the common EDCs (E2, DDE, NP, TBT) in the water had important influence on the process of teleost fertilization and embryonic development. The main influenced indexes were sperm motility, fertilization rate and deformity rate. Sensitive indexes, dose-effect correlations and sensitivity of sensitivity of teleost to EDCs (E2, DDE, NP, TBT) of the lower concentration exposures we had got could be applied as the important references that evaluate the early mortality of the neonatal fishes.