劳动关系是生产关系的重要组成部分，是最基本、最重要的社会关系之一。劳动关系的稳定和谐，不仅事关劳动者与用人单位的切身利益，更事关经济发展与社会和谐。本文以房山区劳动争议调解仲裁工作为研究对象，主要采用了文献研究法、定量研究、访谈法进行研究。首先，对北京市劳动争议调解仲裁制度的发展历程进行介绍；其次，在对房山区劳动争议调解仲裁工作相关数据进行分析的基础上，总结出房山区劳动争议调解仲裁工作的几大特点：第一案件总量持续增高、第二一案多诉求趋势上升、第三集体案件持续多发。以此为基础分析出房山区劳动争议调解仲裁工作主要存在以下问题：基层调解组织形同虚设、案件审理周期长、仲裁机构缺少司法权、职能权责不明晰、仲裁工作信息化不足、裁审衔接不通畅。通过对房山区劳动争议调解仲裁相关工作人员进行一对一访谈，分析探究问题背后的原因。在此基础上，结合房山区实际情况并借鉴北京市其他区县劳动争议调解仲裁工作中的经验，对优化房山区劳动争议调解仲裁工作提出针对性对策。

Labor relation is an important part of production relation and one of the most basic and important social relations. The stability and harmony of labor relations not only concerns the vital interests of laborers and employers, but also concerns economic development and social harmony. This paper takes the mediation and arbitration of labor disputes in fangshan district as the research object, and mainly adopts the methods of literature research, quantitative research and interview. Firstly, it introduces the development process of Beijing labor dispute mediation and arbitration system. Secondly, based on the analysis of relevant data of labor dispute mediation and arbitration in fangshan district, this paper summarizes the major features of labor dispute mediation and arbitration in fangshan district: First the number of cases continue to increase, Second the number of cases which is more than one claims on the rise, Third the number of class cases keeps increasing. Based on this analysis, the following problems are found in the mediation and arbitration of labor disputes in fangshan district, such as the absence of grassroots mediation organizations, the long trial period, the lack of judicial power in arbitration institutions, the unclear functions, the lack of information in arbitration, and the unsmooth connection between arbitration and trial. Through one-on-one interviews with the relevant staff of labor dispute mediation and arbitration in fangshan district, the reasons behind the problems were analyzed and explored. On this basis, combined with the actual situation of fangshan district and the experience of labor dispute arbitration in other districts and counties of Beijing, this paper puts forward some countermeasures to optimize the mediation and arbitration of labor dispute in fangshan district.