矢量数据被广泛应用于GIS（地理信息系统）、计算机自动制图、计算机图形学以及医学图像等领域。图形的矢量数据形式存在数据冗余量大、图形失真等缺点，可以对其进行冗余数据的剔除进而压缩数据的处理。本论文主要研究针对矢量数据的压缩问题。空间矢量数据的压缩指对矢量化后的图形等进行压缩处理的过程。矢量数据压缩对于矢量数据的存储、网络传输以及在移动设备中的使用都具有重要意义。本文通过对曲线矢量数据特点的分析，根据不同的应用场合和使用需求，提出了基于整数小波变换的矢量数据无损压缩方案和有损压缩方案。压缩方案包括三个主要流程：1.矢量数据整型化。曲线矢量数据具有相邻坐标点间坐标值大小差别不大的特点，将坐标点间的差值转换为整型的偏移量，用偏移量表示矢量数据的坐标点。2.利用整数小波变换处理偏移量序列，实验表明，偏移量序列经过整数小波变换得到的小波系数序列在空间分布上更加集中，适合使用高效的编码压缩方法。3. 对变换后的小波系数进行编码压缩。本文引入图像压缩中嵌入式编码的概念，对小波系数使用基于比特平面编码方法实现了无损压缩，可以实现矢量数据压缩后码流渐进传输展现的效果。通过对中国国境线曲线矢量数据压缩进行模拟传输，可以实现接受端从刚开始接收数据到接收完毕，曲线矢量数据也相应地从失真较大（较小数据量时）到失真较小（近于无损，较大数据量时）渐进地显示。另一方面，本文使用模糊C均值聚类法编码实现了曲线矢量数据的有损编码。通过实验和其他压缩算法结果的对比，该方法具有压缩比高，失真小的特点。

Vector data is widely used in GIS (geographic information system), computer automated drawing, computer graphics and medical imaging and other fields. the map in the form of vector data exists disadvantage such as large redundancy and graphic distortion. Redundance of the vector data can be removed so the data will be compressed. This paper concentrate on the compression method research of vector data. Spatial vector data compression refers to the compress procedure of vectorize topographic maps, etc. GIS vector data compression are of great significance for data storage, network transmission and the use of mobile devices . Based on the analysis to characteristics of curve vector data, according to different applications and use requirements, lossless compression scheme and lossy compression scheme on vector data based integer wavelet transform was proposed. Compression scheme consists of three main processes: 1. Change Vector data to integer. Curve vector data has the characteristics which the difference between adjacent points’ coordinates is small. The difference between adjacent points’ coordinates is converted to integer offset sequence.2. Process the integer offset sequenced using Integer Wavelet Transform. Experiments show that the wavelet coefficient series is more focused on the spatial distribution, suitable for efficient encoding and compress method.3. Encoding the transformed wavelet coefficients. The concept of embedded coding in image compression is introduced. Wavelet coefficients is encoded using the method based on bit plane encoding to achieve a lossless compression. The effect of progressive transmission can be showed as the compressed data achieve from the stream. Experiment on simulate transmission with compressed curve vector data of the borders of China shows that curve vector data can be showed more and more clear when the transmission from begin to end.. On the other hand, a encode method based on Fuzzy C Means clustering is proposed to achieve lossy encoding of the curve vector data coding. In the experiments, this method is compared with other compress algorithms and the result shows that the proposed method has the advantage of high compression ratio, and less distortion.