本报告从空气污染和气候变化两个角度，探讨了环境对人类发展的影响。尽管已经有大量的文献证实了空气污染和气候变化对健康的危害，但是研究空气污染和气候变化对人类认知能力和非认知能力发展的研究还十分有限，本报告试图在这一方面做出贡献。 本报告的主要结论是： 1． 长期暴露于高污染环境下会显著降低受访者的字词和数学测试分数，并且对字词测试分数的负面影响会随着年龄的增长而显著增强，这一特征在低受教育程度人群中最为突出。空气污染对老年人的影响会带来巨大的健康和经济成本。 2． 细颗粒物（PM2.5）提高了青少年自杀意念的发生率，特别是对于来自受教育程度较低家庭的、学习能力较差的年轻男孩。该效应是非线性，当AQI值高于200时尤其明显。 3． 当日平均气温高于85华氏度时，受访者的认知能力测试成绩会下降，这一效应对于女性和老年人更加显著，在字词测试中尤为突出。居住在北方或家里没有安装空调的人更容易受到高温的影响，而居住在南方和安装了空调的人则受高温的影响较小。

This report examines the impact of air pollution and climate change on human development, including cognitive performance and suicidal ideation. The findings of the report are as follows: - Long-term exposure to air pollution impedes cognitive performance in verbal and math tests. The effect of air pollution on verbal tests becomes more pronounced as people age, especially for men and the less educated. The damage on aging brain by air pollution likely imposes substantial health and economic cost considering that cognitive functioning is critical for the elderly to both running daily errands and making high-stake decisions. - Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) increases the rate of suicidal ideation, especially for younger boys with lower academic abilities from less educated families. The effect is contemporaneous and nonlinear, especially when the AQI value is above 200. No such effect is found for other major pollutants. - When respondents were tested on hot days (>85°F), their test scores dropped significantly. The negative effect was more pronounced for women and the older cohort, in particular for verbal tests. People who lived in the north or did not have air conditioning (AC) installed in their homes at the time of test were vulnerable to high temperatures, while those who lived in the south or who did have AC were not, indicating the existence of adaptation.