气候变化、人口增长以及异常自然现象的出现，加剧了水资源危机。金属有机框架化合物（Metal-Organic Frameworks，MOFs）是一种三维多孔材料，具有诸多优点，因此本文设计了MOFs基吸湿材料，探究了吸湿剂在低湿度环境下的空气吸湿性能。渗透汽化（Pervaporation，PV）作为一种节能，环保，集成效率高的液体分离技术，具有明显的竞争优势，本文基于聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）与氟硅橡胶，制备了渗透汽化膜，用于处理工业有机废水。本文也初步探索了NH₂-MIL-53膜的制备。主要研究内容及结论如下：

一、采用溶剂热法制备了MOF-801粒子，并结合PES利用共混法获得PES膜、MOF-801/PES膜。探究了制膜条件（制备方法、相对湿度、MOF-801的含量）对吸湿性能的影响，同时考察了膜的吸湿动力学以及重复利用性能。研究表明，相比非溶剂浸没沉淀法（NIPS），采用蒸汽诱导相分离法（VIPS）制备的膜具有多孔网络结构，吸湿性能增强。制膜相对湿度为60%时，水蒸气扩散速率增加，膜具有最佳的吸湿量。在24%±2% RH，17±2℃的条件下，当MOF-801的含量为30%时，MOF-801/PES膜的吸湿量为0.027 g g^-1（4.13 g m^-2），高于PES空白膜，说明MOF-801起主要吸湿作用，并且膜的吸湿量与孔隙率呈正相关趋势。膜的吸湿量随时间增加，逐步达到吸附平衡状态，而吸湿速率随时间下降，逐渐达到稳定阶段。经过4次吸湿/放湿循环，MOF-801/PES膜表现出可重复利用性能。

二、采用溶液浇铸法制备了GO膜、MOF-801/GO膜和MOF-303/GO膜。探究了膜的干燥方法、MOFs含量、吸湿动力学以及重复利用性能。研究表明，采用冷冻干燥法制备的膜结构松散，强度降低，而自然干燥法制备的膜结构完整。由于MOF-303在GO溶液中的分散性较差，当两者的质量比大于1:1时，不易成膜，且MOF-303/GO膜的吸湿量低于MOF-801/GO膜。在30% RH，17℃的条件下，当MOF-801与GO的质量比为3:1时，MOF-801/GO膜的吸湿量达到0.23 g g^-1 （73 g m^-2），高于GO膜，说明MOF-801的插入，有利于水蒸气的扩散和传质。MOF-801/GO膜的脱湿率可达98.68%。经过4次吸湿/放湿循环，发现MOF-801/GO膜具有相对优异的重复利用性能。

三、制备了PDMS空白膜、活性炭/PDMS膜、GO/PDMS膜、PPS/PDMS膜、COF-LZU1/PDMS膜、Spray-PDMS膜、PDMS-HFSO-A膜、PDMS-HFSO-B膜、单组分室温硫化氟硅橡胶膜9种渗透汽化膜，用于工业有机废水渗透汽化研究。废水中所存在的大量有机物，使膜的溶胀度较高，亲和性较强，对于有机废水具有吸附选择性。活性炭/PDMS膜在渗透汽化24 h后，渗透通量为151.3 g m^-2 h^-1，COD去除率为50.51%，与PDMS空白膜相比，去除率提高了22.15%，COD浓度从21.6万mg L^-1降低至10.7万mg L^-1。随后氟硅膜实验表明，渗透温度增加，废水的COD去除率随之增加。

四、基于原位生长原理，采用滴涂法与溶剂热法分别制备了NH₂-MIL-53/PVDF膜，用于纳滤性能与渗透汽化性能研究。结果表明，用滴涂法制备的NH₂-MIL-53/PVDF膜，在过滤30 mg L^-1的铬黑T染料溶液时，膜的渗透通量达到385.97 L m^-2 h^-1MPa^-1，截留率达到95.94%；采用溶剂热法制备NH₂-MIL-53/PVDF膜，也对95 wt%的乙醇水溶液进行了渗透汽化分离。

Climate change, population growth and the emergence of abnormal natural phenomena have exacerbated the water resource crisis. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), as a new type of three-dimensional porous materials, have many advantages, so this paper designed MOFs-based adsorbents to explore the moisture performance at low humidity environments. Pervaporation (PV) is an energy-saving, environmentally friendly, high-integration liquid separation technology. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and fluorosilicone rubber membranes were prepared for treatment of industrial organic wastewater. This article also explored the preparation of NH₂-MIL-53 membrane. The main contents and conclusions are as follows:

1. PES membranes and MOF-801/PES membranes were prepared for capturing water vapor from air. The effects of membrane fabrication conditions (preparation methods, relative humidity, MOF-801 contents) and reusability on the water uptake, as well as the adsorption kinetics, were investigated. The results show that, the membranes prepared by vapor induced phase separation method (VIPS) display higher water uptake than that by non-solvent immersion precipitation separation method (NIPS), and the water vapor uptake positively correlates with the porosity of membranes. The water vapor uptake of membranes reaches a plateau after about 2 h, and the evolution of water uptake rates can be divided into descending rate stage and constant rate stage. The MOF-801/PES membranes prepared under the optimized conditions (60% RH, MOF-801 content of 30%) display high water uptake (about 0.027 g g^-1 or 4.13 g m^-2) under 24%±2% RH (17±2℃) and excellent reusability, exhibiting great potential in water harvesting.

2. GO membranes, MOF-801/GO membranes and MOF-303/GO membranes were prepared for efficient water vapor capturing from air. The effects of drying methods, MOFs contents, adsorption kinetics, and membranes reusability were investigated. The results show that the natural dried MOF-801/GO membranes display higher water vapor uptake than that of freeze dried. As the MOF-303/GO mass ratio is greater than 1:1, the membrane is easy to crack. The water vapor uptake of the membranes rise with the increased MOFs contents, and the water vapor uptake of MOF-801/GO (mass ratio of 3:1) membranes reachs 0.23 g g^-1 or 73 g m^-2 (30% RH, 17℃). The adsorption kinetics show that the water vapor uptake rate decreases gradually with time and then tends to be stable. The MOF-801/GO membranes show dehumidification rate of 98.68% and excellent reusability, demonstrating the great potential in water vapor capturing from air.

3. PDMS pristine membranes, activated carbon/PDMS membranes, GO/PDMS membranes, PPS/PDMS membranes, COF-LZU1/PDMS membranes, Spra-PDMS membranes, PDMS-HFSO-A membranes, PDMS-HFSO-B membranes and single-component fluorosilicone rubber membranes were prepared and used to separate organic industrial wastewater through pervaporation. The results show that the membranes have a higher degree of swelling and enhanced hydrophilicity in organic wastewater, which can adsorb some organic matters in wastewater. Activated carbon/PDMS membranes have excellent pervaporation performance, the permeation flux is 151.3 g m^-2 h^-1 and the COD removal rate is 50.51%, compared with PDMS pristine membranes, the COD removal rate increases by 22.15%, the COD concentration reduces from 216,000 mg L^-1 to 107,000 mg L^-1. According to the fluorosilicone membrane experiment, it is found that as the pervaporation temperature increases, the COD removal rate of wastewater increases.

4. The NH₂-MIL-53/PVDF membranes were prepared by the drip coating method and the solvothermal method, and the nanofiltration and pervaporation performance were explored. Filter 30 mg L^-1 chrome black T solution by NH₂-MIL-53/PVDF membrane which prepared by the drop coating method, it is found that the permeation flux is 385.97 L m^-2 h^-1 MPa^-1, and the rejection is 95.94%. The NH₂-MIL-53/PVDF membranes were also prepared by solvothermal method, and used to separate 95 wt% ethanol-water solution.