为了遏制近些年因为最小生态需水量得不到满足而不断发生的生态与环境持续恶化的趋势，我国许多地方，尤其是北方地区实施了生态补水工程。此类工程往往投入大、效果明显且涉及经济、社会、生态、资源等多个方面。这就在客观上提出了对生态补水工程效益进行综合评估的要求。通过对生态补水研究现状的分析，本文在生态补水理论与方法研究方面进行了深入探索，基于生态学等理论对生态不断恶化的原因进行了分析，给出了生态补水定义并深入分析了生态补水的内涵，首次系统地按照补水方式、时间、影响等因素对生态补水进行了分类。对生态补水的工程与非工程措施进行了归纳和研究。在效益评估方法方面，提出了评估标准，确定了状态基点。在各种单一评估方法的基础上，运用动态模糊模式识别方法对生态补水综合效益进行评估。通过改进建立了合适的生态综合效益评估模型，并且体现时间（动态）和空间（区域）的功能。在科学性、完整性、层次性、可操作性和适用性等原则指导下，按照系统学理论，构建了目标层、亚目标层、准则层和指标层4个层次组成的逆序等级指标体系架构，分析了各层之间、各层组间的内在联系和区别；确定了生态补水综合效益评估指标体系应度量的指标类别，并将生态补水的可持续性纳入了综合评估范围。经过研究筛选，最终确定约38个生态补水综合效益评估指标，并对各个指标的含义、特点等给予了说明；鉴于生态补水背景、目的和区域环境的复杂、异质性，为便于应用，对指标的选取和指标体系的应用开展了详细分析和阐述。本论文将生态补水的理论和方法应用在黑河流域生态补水综合效益研究中。在分析黑河流域自然地理和经济社会特点的基础上，确定具有典型性和代表性的指标做为应用案例，系统研究了黑河流域生态补水综合效益评估指标，应用AHP－FCA评估模型对黑河流域生态补水综合效益进行了评估；将评估结论与黑河调水和治理效益评估成果进行比较表明，符合度较高，也与实地考察测量获得的实际情况比较吻合，证明本研究为生态补水综合效益评估提供了新的方法。

Ecological recharging water projects were carried out in northern drainage area in China for controlling the trend of deteriorating ecology and environment resulted from which minimum ecological water needs were not supplied. Invests for the projects are usually huge and have obvious effect which are involved in various aspects of economy, society, ecology and resources etc. So, there is requirement for comprehensive assessment on the benefits of ecological recharging water projects.Based on analysis for the status on ecological recharging water, this paper deeply studied the theories and methods of ecological recharging water, and identified the reasons resulted in ecological deterioration. The definition and connotation of ecological recharging water were discussed deeply. Classification of ecological recharging water was first systemically proposed based on mode, time and effect of recharging water. Both engineering and non-engineering measures for ecological recharging water were summed up and studied.As for benefits assessment, assessing standards were proposed and ecological baseline was selected. The integrative benefits were assessed by applying dynamic fuzzy mode identifying method based on various single methods. Improved assessment model of integrative benefits which include in the time (dynamic) and space (regional) functions was established.Guided by scientific, integrative, hierarchy and operational principle, reversing order indicator framework consisted of five levels (goal, sub-goal, rule, indicator group and indicator levels) was established based on systemic theory. The relationship and distinguish among every level and among indicators in every level were analyzed. Indicator system classification for assessing integrative benefits of ecological recharging water was proposed, especially the sustainability of ecological recharging water included in the extent of integrative assessment.Through studying and filtering, 70 indicators for ecological integrative benefits assessment were selected. The meaning and characteristics of every indicator was interpreted. Selection and application for indicator system were analyzed and expounded elaborately since there are different background and purpose, regional environmental complex and heterogeneity.This paper applied the theory and methods of ecological recharging water into the case study—integrative benefits assessment on ecological recharging water in Heihe river basin. The typical and representative assessment indicators for the case study were selected based on analyzing available data of natural geography and characteristics of economy and society in Heihe river basin. AHP-FCA model was applied to assess the integrative benefits of ecological recharging water in Heihe river basin. Comparing the assessment results to other study results and field investigation data of Heihe river basin, the fitting degrees were higher. Those illustrated the proposed new methods for assessing integrative benefits of ecological recharging water in this paper were reliable.