长期以来，我国行政执法活动受到较多的人为干扰，为解决实务中行政裁量权过大引起的“行政裁量私权化”，党和国家持续推进以行政惯例和执法经验为内核的裁量基准的制度建设；与此同时，行政法学界学者也认识到裁量基准是约束行政裁量空间的理想工具，裁量基准构筑的“法网”能够更为精确地帮助行政相对人识别行政行为中的法律瑕疵，也能够为司法机关提供更为丰富的外部审查标准和审查对象。
随着裁量基准的全面铺开，对裁量基准及其适用进行司法审查的模式也应予以科学建构。裁量基准的制度属性是探讨其司法审查结构的理论基础，针对裁量基准文本本体，裁量基准既属于司法审查的对象也属于司法审查的依据，裁量基准在文本上须符合上位法的要求并确保其文本合法性，因此法院须秉持“原则上审查，例外上尊重”的积极态度；针对裁量基准行政适用行为的司法审查，既要防范行政权对于司法权的僭越，也要防范司法权对于行政权的过度介入，法院须秉持“原则上尊重，必要时审查”的审慎态度；总体而言，制度规则是静态的法治，而适用和逸脱则反映了动态的法治，我们既不能牺牲动态法治以维护严格依法行政的僵化静态，也不能为动态法治牺牲静态法治为基础的社会控制网络，因此平衡好行政裁量与司法审查之间的紧张关系，才能更好地实现裁量基准及其适用的司法审查的结构化和科学化。
文章综合运用行政法学界的流行学说和实务界的经典案例，循序渐进地分三步探讨本文主题。第一部分在于梳理裁量基准的理论渊源和法律地位，明确裁量基准及其适用的司法审查的概念，进而引出有关裁量基准的自我控制技术和司法审查需求；第二部分在于探讨对裁量基准及其适用进行司法审查的正当性，建构裁量基准及其适用的司法审查的复合模式，从分层审查和分类审查的角度建构司法审查的常规模式，对行政机关的逸脱行为设置兜底司法审查的例外模式；第三部分在于从分层审查的角度分析全面审查和有限审查，有针对性地从分类审查的角度提出结构化的司法审查技术，最后以“常规模式+例外模式”的辩证统一弥合行政法理论和实务之间的间隙，进而为“健全行政裁量基准”的政策目标和法治政府的建设目标保驾护航。

For a long time, administrative activities in China are subject to more human interference, in order to solve "administrative discretion privatization" caused by excessive administrative discretion in practice, we continue to promote the administrative practice and law enforcement experience as the kernel of administrative discretion criteria for the construction of the system; at the same time, scholars in the field of administrative law also recognize that administrative discretion criteria is the ideal tool to constrain the space of administrative discretion, and the "the net of justice" constructed by administrative discretion criteria can accurately help the administrative counterparts to identify the legal defects of the administrative act, and it can also provide a richer external review standard and review object for the courts to examine the factual and legal basis of the administrative act involved in the lawsuit.
With the full roll-out of administrative discretion criteria, the structural mode for the judicial review of administrative discretion criteria and its application should also be scientifically constructed. The institutional attributes of administrative discretion criteria are the theoretical basis for exploring the structure of their judicial review, for the text of the administrative discretion criteria ontology, administrative discretion criteria is both the object of judicial review and the basis of judicial review, administrative discretion criteria in the text must comply with the requirements of the superior law and to ensure the legitimacy of the text, so the court must uphold the "reviewed in principle, respected in exception" positive attitude; For the judicial review of the administrative application of the administrative discretion criteria, not only to prevent the administrative power over the judicial power, but also to prevent the administrative power over the judicial power, so the court must uphold the "respect in principle, review where necessary" attitude; in general, the institutional texts are static rule of law, and the application and deviation reflect the dynamic rule of law. We can neither sacrifice the dynamic rule of law to maintain the rigid static state of complete administration according to law, nor can we sacrifice the static rule of law for the network of social control based on the dynamic rule of law, and therefore to balance the tensions between administrative discretion and judicial review, in order to optimize the structural and scientific mode for the judicial review of administrative discretion criteria and its application.
This article comprehensively uses the popular theory of administrative law circles and the classic case in legal practice, and gradually discusses the theme of this article in three parts. The first part is to sort out the theoretical origin and legal status of administrative discretion criteria, clarify the concept of judicial review of administrative discretion criteria and its application, and then lead to the self-control technology and judicial review needs about administrative discretion criteria; the second part is to explore the legitimacy of judicial review of administrative discretion criteria and its application, construct the necessary composite mode of judicial review of administrative discretion criteria and its application, and construct the regular mode of judicial review from the perspective of stratified review and classified review, and set up the exception mode of judicial review for the deviation behavior of administrations; The third part is to analyze the comprehensive review and limited review from the perspective of stratified review, and put forward the structured judicial review technology from the perspective of classified review, so that the dialectical unity of the "regular mode + exception mode" can bridge the gap between administrative law theory and practice, thereby escorting the policy objective of "optimizing administrative discretion criteria" and the goal of building law-abiding government.