目前我国居家养老已初步形成以政府为主导，家庭为基础，社会组织为支撑，市场为补充，多元主体共同支持的格局，它是对传统家庭养老模式的补充与更新，是社会养老服务体系建设的一项重要内容。然而，在我国“未富先老”、老龄化进程快、城乡倒置等现实背景下，农村独居老人目前的居家养老现状是什么，居家养老工作中存在什么问题，如何提升农村独居老人居家养老质量，仍是个值得研究的课题。

本文采用案例研究法、深度访谈法，以2022年被确定为第五批中央财政支持开展居家和社区养老服务改革试点地区，珠海市的斗门区农村独居老人居家养老情况为研究对象，运用福利多元主义理论、积极老龄化理论和服务型政府理论，研究政府、社会组织、家庭、市场等多元福利主体为农村独居老人的居家养老提供支持现状，分析指出当前存在问题：一是“健康”支撑乏力；二是“参与”支持有限；三是“保障”水平不足。究其原因，多元主体协调不足、政府职能转变不到位是关键原因，主要体现在政府部门应对老龄化积极性不足；社会组织缺乏活力；家庭养老功能弱化和市场参与居家养老积极性不高等方面。基于以上研究，本文提出以下对策：一是构建多元一体格局，发挥政府“主导+服务”作用；二是增强活力，发挥社会组织“支撑”作用；三是增强责任观念，强化家庭“基本”保障功能；四是激发潜力，发挥市场“补充”作用。以促进多元主体合一，积极应对老龄化，提高农村独居老人居家养老水平。

研究农村独居老人的居家养老问题，对于促进我国养老事业的发展，实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略具有重要意义。本文在公共管理理论框架下研究关注度较低的农村独居老人居家养老问题，研究结论对国内其他农村地区发展居家养老有参考价值。

At present, China's home-based elderly care has initially formed a pattern leaded by the government, based on the family, supported by social organizations, supplemented by the market, and supported by multiple entities. It is a supplement and update to the traditional family elderly care model, and an important part of the construction of the social elderly care service system.In the context of China's "aging before getting rich", rapid aging process, and urban-rural inversion, what is the current situation of home-based elderly care for rural elderly living alone, what are the problems in home-based elderly care work, and how to improve the quality of home-based elderly care for rural elderly living alone are still topics worth studying.

This paper adopts the case study and interview methods, taking Doumen District, Zhuhai City, which was designated as the fifth batch of pilot areas for central financial support to carry out home-based and community elderly care service reform in 2022, as an example. Using welfare pluralism theory, active aging theory and service-oriented government to studies the current situation of the welfare pluralism of government, social organizations, families and markets, providing support for home-based elderly care for rural elderly living alone, and to summarizes the current problems: firstly, the “health” support is weak; secondly, the “participation” support is limited; thirdly, the "security" level is insufficient. The key reasons for this are insufficient coordination among multiple actors and inadequate transformation of government functions, which are mainly reflected in the lack of motivation of government departments to cope with aging; insufficient autonomy and independence of social organizations; the weakening of the elderly care function of families and the low enthusiasm for market participation in home-based elderly care.

 The study of home-based elderly care for the rural elderly living alone is of great significance in promoting the development of China's elderly care industry and implementing the national strategy of actively respond to population aging. In this paper, we study the problem of home-based elderly care for the elderly living alone in rural areas under the framework of public management theory, which has received less attention, and the conclusions of the study are of reference value for the development of home-based elderly care in other rural areas in China.