室内空气质量状况是影响人类健康的重要因素之一，已经引起人们的高度关注。随着社会和经济的发展，当代建筑的密封性和室内装修程度越来越高，室内空气污染也越发严重。其中，甲醛是影响室内空气质量和人类健康的重要污染物，在2017年被列为一级致癌物，室内甲醛浓度可以作为反映室内空气质量状况指标之一。 目前，对室内甲醛浓度的研究主要集中室内甲醛净化、释放速率以及对人体健康的影响。室内甲醛浓度预测与评价的研究主要考虑室内建筑及装修材料对室内甲醛浓度的影响，忽略街道中机动车排放的甲醛对室内甲醛浓度的影响，因此需要一个较为完善的模型对室内甲醛浓度进行预测与评价。 本文通过实验的方法，对部分室内装修板材进行了甲醛释放速率的测定，为完善装修材料数据库，并采用荟萃分析的方法收集和筛选其他装修材料的甲醛释放速率。根据不同装修材料甲醛释放规律不同，建立了固态装修材料和液态装修材料甲醛释放速率模型，用于模拟装修材料长期甲醛释放速率。 本文通过分析影响室内甲醛浓度的因素，建立室内甲醛浓度预测模型。将室内甲醛浓度预测模型分为室内污染源模块、室外空气模块和室内通风模块。1）室内污染源模块通过建立室内装修材料甲醛释放速率模型实现对室内甲醛污染释放速率的模拟和预测；2）室外空气模块是通过考虑街道中车流量、建筑物高度、街道宽度和气象风速与风向等因素，建立街道峡谷模型，对街道中甲醛浓度进行模拟和预测；3）室内通风模块是将机械通风、渗透通风和自然通风考虑在内，依据门窗分布方式不同，建立了室内通风量模型，用于模拟室内通风量；4）使用实际房间对室内甲醛浓度预测模型进行验证，预测值与实测值正则化标准差平均值为9.88%，说明该模型可以较好的预测室内甲醛浓度。 本文根据已有的室内甲醛浓度标准和剂量-反应关系，建立一套5级室内甲醛卫生评价标准，并确定了室内甲醛浓度评价和健康风险评估方法。对不同装修方案和不同通风方案下的室内甲醛浓度进行评价和健康风险评估，发现通过改进实际房间内的装修方案，室内甲醛预测浓度显著下降，甲醛致癌风险下降80.15%；装修方案相同时，半通风条件和全通风条件与门窗关闭时相比，甲醛致癌风险分别下降23.16%和66.29%。当室内装修无法改变时，调整室内通风方案是降低室内甲醛浓度和致癌风险的重要途径之一。通过模拟房间在临不同街道情况下，分析室内甲醛致癌风险，发现城市中主干道两侧房间甲醛致癌风险要显著高于非临街房间，次干道两侧房间甲醛致癌风险与非临街房间之间无显著差异，因此，主干道两侧房间更需优化室内装修方案，以降低室内甲醛浓度和致癌风险水平。

Indoor air quality is one of the important factors affecting human health, which attracted attention. With the development of society and economy, the sealing and interior decoration of contemporary architectures are getting higher and higher, which leads to more serious indoor air pollution. Among them, formaldehyde is an important pollutant affecting indoor air quality and human health. Formaldehyde was listed as a primary carcinogen in 2017. Therefore, indoor formaldehyde concentration can be used as one of the indicators reflecting indoor air quality. At present, the research on indoor formaldehyde concentration in China mainly focuses on the indoor formaldehyde purification, emission rate and the impact on human health. The study on the prediction and evaluation of the indoor formaldehyde concentration mainly considers the influence of indoor building and decoration materials on indoor formaldehyde concentration, and ignores the influence of indoor air on indoor formaldehyde concentration. Therefore, a relatively perfect model is needed to predict and evaluate indoor formaldehyde concentration. In this paper, the formaldehyde emission rate of some interior decoration plates was measured by experiment. In order to improve the database of formaldehyde emission rate of decoration materials, the meta-analysis method was used to collect and screen the formaldehyde emission rate of other decoration materials. According to the characteristics of formaldehyde emission of different types of decoration materials, the models of formaldehyde emission rate in solid decoration materials and liquid decoration materials were established to simulate the long-term formaldehyde emission rate of decoration materials. In this thesis, the prediction model of indoor formaldehyde concentration was established by analyzing the factors affecting indoor formaldehyde concentration. The prediction model of indoor formaldehyde concentration is divided into an indoor pollution source module, an outdoor air module, and an indoor ventilation module. The formaldehyde emission rate model supports the indoor pollution source module; the street canyon model supports the outdoor air module; and the ventilation model supports the indoor ventilation module. The accuracy of the indoor formaldehyde concentration predict model was verified by the actual room. The average value of the standard deviation of the predicted value and the measured value was 9.88%, indicating that the model can better predict the indoor formaldehyde concentration. Based on the existing indoor formaldehyde concentration standard and dose-response relationship, this paper established a set of 5-grade indoor formaldehyde concentration standard, and determined the indoor formaldehyde concentration evaluation and health risk assessment methods. The indoor formaldehyde concentration of the room with different decoration schemes and different ventilation schemes was evaluated and the health risk assessment was found. It was found that by improving the decoration scheme in the actual room, the indoor formaldehyde prediction concentration decreased significantly, and the formaldehyde carcinogenic risk decreased by 80.15%. When the decoration scheme was the same, semi ventilation conditions and full ventilation conditions compared with door and window closure, formaldehyde risk of cancer decreased by 23.16% and 66.29%. When the interior decoration cannot be changed, adjusting the indoor ventilation scheme is one of the important ways to reduce indoor formaldehyde concentration and cancer risk. By simulating the room near different streets, the indoor carcinogenic risk of formaldehyde was analyzed. It was found that the risk of formaldehyde carcinogenicity in the rooms on both sides of the main road in the urban was significantly higher than that in the non-street room. There was no risk of formaldehyde carcinogenicity between the rooms on both sides of the secondary road. Significant differences, therefore, the room on both sides of the main road needs to optimize the interior decoration program to reduce indoor formaldehyde concentration and cancer risk level.