辛亥鼎革后，清朝的遗老大臣大多迫于局势流寓北京、天津、上海、青岛和粤港澳等地。青岛凭借优越的地理位置与交通优势和德当局对前清遗老的开放态度而成为遗老聚集的主要地点。周馥、劳乃宣、赵尔巽、吕海寰等遗老大员先后来到青岛，后由吕海寰、周馥倡议，邀寓青遗老劳乃宣、赵尔巽、刘矞褀、童祥熊、李思敬、张人骏、陆润庠、王季寅共十人在周馥家中饮酒聚会，即兴赋诗，称为“十老会”。但其成立不足一年，即因日德战争的爆发而解散。在青遗老纷纷四散奔逃，散落各地。此后的十老成员或坚持守旧复辟之路，或转而出仕新朝，但更多的却是早逝或过起了隐居的遗老生活，不问政事。“十老会”是逊清遗老在青岛的重要文化活动之一，其存在时间虽极其短暂，但却寄托着前清遗老们对自身遗老身份的认同与对前朝的眷恋与感怀。进入20世纪20年代后，前清遗老们都逐步退出了历史舞台，但以“十老会”为缩影的寓清遗老文学却为近代青岛文学生态添加了一抹独属于前清的遗民风韵。

After the Xinhai Revolution, most of adherents of the Qing Dynasty were forced to live in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Qingdao, Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao. Qingdao became the main place for the adherents to gather because of its superior geographic location , transportation advantages and the open attitude of the German authorities towards the adherents of the Qing Dynasty. Zhou Fu, Lao Naixuan, Zhao Erxun, Lv Haihuan and other adherents came to Qingdao successively, and then by the initiative of Lv Haihuan and Zhou Fu, they invited some adherents of the Qing Dynasty, such as Lao Naixuan, Zhao Erxun, Liu Yuqi, Tong Xiangxiong, Li Sijing, Zhang Renjun, Lu Runxiang, and Wang Jiyin to meet in the Zhou Fu's mansion, to drink wine and write poems, and to express their feelings of  adherents, which was known as the " Gathering of Ten Elders ". However, less than a year after its establishment, it was disbanded due to the outbreak of the German-Japanese War. The adherents in Qingdao were scattered all over the country. Since then, the members of the Ten Elders have either stuck to the old path of restoration, or turned to serve the new dynasty, but most of them died early or lived a reclusive life, not asking for political affairs. The " Gathering of Ten Elders " was one of the most important cultural activities of the adherents of the Qing Dynasty in Qingdao. Though its existence was extremely short, it was a symbol of the adherents' recognition of their own identity as adherents, and their nostalgia for the late Qing Dynasty. After the 1920s, the adherents of the Qing Dynasty gradually withdrew from the stage of history, but the literature of adherents of the Qing Dynasty, epitomized by the "Ten Elders' Association", added a touch of adherents of the Qing Dynasty to modern Qingdao's literary ecology.