1927年后蔡元培、李石曾等创立国立中央研究院，他们推行的大学区制改革遭遇失败后，北平研究院从中央研究院的地方分院演变为北平国立学术机关。受法国“百科全书派”学科分类与中法大学研究院学术建制的的影响，北平研究院早期设置七大研究部门，人地部下设的史学研究会在人员、组织体制、调查研究方法等方面继承自北大研究所国学门。史学研究会成立后逐渐开始专业化转型，初期统摄史学研究会发展方向的“人地学”让位于专业的历史与考古学。该会的人员不断充实，建制也逐渐完善，最终于1937年正式升格为研究所。1928年国民政府宣布迁都后，北平失去政治中心的地位，利用文物古迹资源建设“文化城”逐渐成为北平各界的共识。史学研究会应北平建设“文化城”的需求编纂《北平志》，开展大规模庙宇调查，确定新的方志编纂体例以体现北平历史和文化。北平地区的高校和学术研究部门云集，史学研究会与相关单位展开合作，合作规模与李石曾为首的“法日派”势力的消长密切相关。中研院史语所是史学研究会强有力的竞争对手，后者在资源不足的条件下观察、学习史语所的研究体制，并逐渐探索出一条适合自身发展的学术研究模式，其研究成果也获得了史语所同行及国内学术界的认可。

After 1927, Cai Yuanpei, Li Shizeng and other Republican elders founded the National Academia Sinica. The reform of the university district system implemented failed, and the National Academy of Peiping evolved from a local branch of the Academia Sinica to a national academic institution in Peiping. Its early academic establishment was divided into seven ministerial units, deeply influenced by the French "encyclopedic" subject classification, and inspired from the academic structure of the Sino-French University Research Institute. Its Historical Research Society is inherited from the Institute of Sinological Studies of Peking University in terms of personnel, organizational system, and investigation and research methods. After its establishment, the society gradually began to professionalize, and the "human-earth science" that initially governed the development direction of the research gave way to professional history and archaeology. The staff of the association was gradually expanded, and the structure was gradually improved, and finally it was officially upgraded to a research institute in 1937. After the National Government announced the relocation of the capital in 1928, Peiping lost its status as a political center, and the use of cultural relics and historical resources to build a "cultural city" gradually became the consensus of all circles in Peiping. In response to the needs of building a "cultural city" in Peiping, the Historical Research Society compiled the Peiping Chronicle, carried out a large-scale temple survey, and determined a new local chronicle compilation style to reflect the history and culture of Peiping. There are many academic institutions in the Peiping area, and the Historical Research Society has cooperated with many academic institutions, and the scale of cooperation is closely related to the growth and decline of the "French and Japanese faction" forces headed by Li Shizeng. The Institute of History and Language of the Academia Sinica is a strong competitor of the Historical Research Society, which observes and imitates the academic activities of the Institute of History and Language under insufficient resources, and gradually explores an academic path suitable for its own development, and its research results have also been recognized by its peers.