婚姻质量是个体福祉和生活质量的保证，而夫妻互动行为被认为是婚姻质量最近端和最重要的影响因素。尽管已有研究探讨了某婚龄阶段或某个时间点上夫妻互动行为对婚姻质量的即时和长时作用，并且得到一些重要成果，然而，还很少有研究关注夫妻互动行为（积极和消极互动行为，以及积极/消极互动行为比例）与婚姻质量动态变化的关系，尤其是夫妻互动对婚姻质量动态影响作用的跨婚龄和跨情境一致性和差异性。因此，本研究通过三个研究，采用横断研究和纵向研究、问卷调查和行为观察相结合的方法考察夫妻互动行为与婚姻质量的动态关系，及其跨婚龄和跨情境的一致性和差异性。此外，本研究还将探讨夫妻之间在上述方面的异同。

研究一采用问卷横断研究设计，通过社区宣讲、网络宣传和熟人推荐等方式，招募了新婚、婴儿父母、学龄前儿童父母和中小学生父母4个婚龄阶段共413对夫妻进行问卷调查，探究夫妻互动行为及其对婚姻质量即时预测作用的跨婚龄一致性和差异性。结果发现：（1）除新婚丈夫以外，其他 3个婚龄阶段的丈夫积极互动行为对自身婚姻质量均有显著正向的即时预测作用；各婚龄阶段丈夫的消极互动行为均对自身婚姻质量有显著负向的即时预测作用，其中婴儿父母阶段丈夫的消极互动行为对自身婚姻质量的负向作用更为显著；（2）各婚龄阶段丈夫的消极互动行为均能显著负向预测配偶的婚姻质量；（3）各婚龄阶段妻子的积极和消极互动行为分别对自身婚姻质量有显著正向和负向的即时预测作用，但只有新婚妻子的积极和消极互动行为分别能正向和负向预测配偶的婚姻质量。

研究二采用经典的互动情境（冲突解决和社会支持情境）研究范式，对参加研究一的4个婚龄段共计195对夫妻的互动行为进行观察研究，探讨夫妻互动行为及其对婚姻质量影响作用的跨情境一致性和差异性。结果发现：（1）除新婚阶段外，其他3个婚龄阶段的丈夫在两种情境中的积极互动行为均能显著正向预测自身的婚姻质量，其中婴儿和中小学生父母阶段丈夫的积极互动行为还能显著正向预测配偶的婚姻质量；（2）新婚和中小学生父母阶段的丈夫在两种情境中的消极互动行为均能显著负向预测自身的婚姻质量，而婴儿和学龄前儿童父母阶段丈夫仅在冲突解决情境中的消极互动行为能显著负向预测自身的婚姻质量；（3）新婚妻子在两种情境中的消极互动行为对自身和配偶的婚姻质量均有显著负向的预测作用。

研究三采取研究一同样的招募方式，招募了268对结婚3年内无子女的新婚夫妻，通过2个子研究分别对第一年(T1)和第三年(T2)夫妻自我报告和观察情境中的互动行为，以及婚姻质量进行追踪测查，探讨互动行为变化对婚姻质量变化影响作用的跨婚龄（从新婚无子女到有子女阶段）和跨情境（冲突解决和社会支持情境）的一致性和差异性。结果发现：（1）无子女夫妻的消极互动行为变化与有子女夫妻的积极互动行为变化分别能显著负向和正向预测自身婚姻质量的变化；（2）新婚妻子在两种情境中的积极互动行为变化均能显著正向预测自身婚姻质量的变化。

综上所述，本研究得出以下结论：

（1）妻子的积极和消极互动行为对自身婚姻质量的即时预测作用，以及丈夫的消极互动行为对配偶婚姻质量的即时预测作用均存在跨婚龄一致性；丈夫的积极和消极互动行为对自身婚姻质量的即时预测作用均存在跨婚龄差异性。

（2）观察情境中，丈夫积极互动行为对自身和配偶婚姻质量的预测作用，以及新婚妻子的消极互动行为对自身配偶婚姻质量的预测作用均存在跨情境一致性；丈夫的消极互动行为对自身婚姻质量的预测作用存在跨情境差异性。

（3）丈夫和妻子的积极和消极互动行为变化对自身婚姻质量变化的预测作用均存在跨婚龄差异性；新婚妻子的积极互动行为变化对自身婚姻质量变化的正向预测作用具有跨情境一致性。

Marriage quality is the guarantee of individual well-being and quality of life. Amongst a multitude of factors, the couple interaction as the most proximal source of relationship satisfaction. Previous studies have explored the concurrent and long-term effect of couple’s interactive behavior on the marital quality. However, few studies have explored the couple interaction vary in systematic ways cross marriage stages and interactive contexts, and its association with change in marital quality. Based on previous studies, the purpose of this study is to explore the dynamic relationship between couple’s interactive behavior and marital quality, and its consistency and differences cross marriage stages and interactive contexts.

This study includes three sub-studies. In study 1, we recruited 413 Chinese couples in the 4 stages of newlywed, parents of infant, parents of preschool children and parents of teenagers, to explore the concurrent effect of couple interaction on the marital quality cross marriage stages. Results indicated that husbands’ negative behavior was negatively linked to husbands’ and wives’ marital quality cross marriage stages. Husbands’ positive interactive behavior was positively linked to their own marital quality in all other 3 stages, except newlywed. Wives’ positive behavior was positively, while negative interactive behavior was negatively linked to their own marital quality. In study 2, under laboratory conditions, 195 couple interactions were observed in conflict solving and social support contexts. Results indicated that husbands’ negative behavior can negative predict their own marriage quality. Husbands’ positive behavior in both situations has a significant positive predictive effect on their own marriage quality in all other 3 stages, except newlywed. Only newlywed wives’ negative behavior can significant predict their own and partner’s marital quality.

In study 3, we recruit total of 268 newlyweds, and conducted a two-wave follow-up investigation, to examine how changes in couple’s interactive behavior contributes to changes in marital quality, and its consistency and differences in cross-stages and cross-contexts. Results indicated that the changes in positive behavior of newlywed was positively, while the changes in negative interactive behavior of couples with young children was negatively linked to their own changes in marital quality. In addition, the changes in positive interaction behaviors of newlywed wives in both contexts have a significant positive predictive effect on changes in their own marital quality.

The main conclusions of present study are as follows:

(1) Husbands’ positive and negative interactive behavior can predict their own marital quality, which showed difference cross marriage stages. Wives’ positive and negative interactive behavior can predict their own marital quality, which is consistency cross marriage stages.

(2) Husbands’ observing negative interactive behavior can negative predict their own marital quality, which showed difference cross interactive contexts. Meanwhile, husbands’ positive interactive behavior has a significant positive effect on their own and their partner’s marital quality, which is consistency cross interactive contexts.

(3) Changes in interactive behavior showed different effect on changes in marital quality between newlyweds and couples with children. Moreover, the effect of changes in wives’ observing positive interactive behavior on the changes in their own marriage quality, which showed consistency cross interactive contexts.