大学阶段是心理健康问题的高发期，但是大学生对专业咨询的使用率相对比 较低。本研究采取横断历史研究和追踪研究相结合的方法，探讨我国大学生心理 健康问题与求助行为的发展特点、关系以及亲子依恋、友伴关系、求助意愿在两 者关系中的影响作用。 研究一采用横断历史研究对北京某高校 2005 年-2011 年 13085 名大学新生 心理健康普查的数据和随后四年里的求助行为进行分析，采用方差分析、潜在剖 面分析、回归分析等方法考察大学新生心理健康问题和求助行为随年代的发展特 点及其关系；研究二对某高校 1551 名大学新生进行三次追踪。采用潜变量增长 模型分析、潜在转变分析、回归分析、结构方程模型等方法追踪考察大学新生心 理健康问题和求助行为的发展变化特点、二者关系以及亲子依恋、友伴关系、求 助意愿在心理健康问题影响求助行为中的综合作用机制。研究结果如下： 1.横断历史研究发现：（1）2005-2011年间大学新生心理健康问题和求助行 为随年代均呈上升趋势，其中2006年和2011年是心理健康问题显著增加的年份， 也是预测求助行为显著增强的年份；（2）以SCL-90因子均分≥2为阳性筛查标准， 男生心理健康问题阳性检出率显著高于女生，求助行为显著低于女生；随着年代 的发展，男生的心理健康问题阳性检出率和求助行为均无明显变化，女生心理健 康问题阳性检出率和求助行为呈增多趋势；（3）大学新生心理健康问题存在三 种类型：严重心理问题组、潜在问题组、正常组；三个类别所占比例分别为：正 常组在54.21%~63.19%之间，潜在问题组在30.6%~36.49%之间，严重心理问题组 在6.05%~11.86%之间；随着年代的发展，正常组的学生总体上呈增多趋势，潜在 问题组的学生呈缓慢下降特点，严重心理问题组的学生比率呈现波浪式上升的特 点；（4）以变量为中心和以个体为中心的研究发现心理健康问题越严重越可能 发生求助行为；随着年代的发展，有心理健康问题的人越来越多的求助。 2. 追踪研究发现：（1）随着入学时间的增加，大学新生心理健康问题呈下 降趋势，入学半年左右是转变的关键期，求助行为呈增多趋势；（2）大学生心理 健康问题存在五种发展类型：稳定正常组、稳定问题组、变好组、变差组、波动 变化组，这五种发展类型分别占被试总体的 52.33%、11.47%、19.69%、 6.88%、8.29%；（3）以变量为中心和以个体为中心的研究均发现心理健康问题越严重求 助行为越多；随着入学时间的延长，心理健康问题对求助行为的预测作用逐渐下 降；（4）心理健康问题对求助行为的正向预测作用显著，对求助意愿的负向预 测作用显著，求助意愿在心理健康问题对求助行为的影响中起遮掩作用。友伴关 系在心理健康问题通过求助意愿对求助行为影响中的调节作用不显著；父子依恋 和母子依恋在心理健康问题通过求助意愿对求助行为的影响中起调节作用，在低 母子、父子依恋组，随着心理健康问题的增加，求助意愿的变化趋势不显著；而 在高母子、高父子依恋组，随着心理健康问题的增加，求助意愿的下降趋势都非 常显著。

Mental health problems tend to peak during college years but the rate of seeking for professional psychological treatments among college students is relatively low. This study utilized both a cohort design and a longitudinal panel design to examine the developmental course of college students’ mental health problems and help-seeking behaviors, associaitons between them, and how help-seeking willingness, parent attachment, and peer relationship factor into these associations. Study 1 was based on cohort data from 13,085 freshmen from 2005 to 2011 on their mental health and their help-seeking behaviors in the following four college years. Study 1 used analyses of variance, latent profile analyses, and regression analyses to examine the differences in mental health problems and help-seeking behaviors and their associations across cohorts. Study 2 was based on 3-wave data from 1,551 college freshmen on their mental health problems and help-seeking behaviors. Study 2 used latent growth modeling, latent transition analysis, and regression analyses, and structural equation models to examine the development changes in mental health problems and help-seeking behaviors across time, associations between mental health problems and help-seeking behaviors, and the roles of parent attachment, peer relationship, and help-seeking willingness in associations between mental health problems and help-seeking behaviors. The major findings were summarized as follows: 1. Based on cohort data in Study 1, we found: (1) Both mental health problems and help-seeking behaviors increased from 2005 to 2011 across cohorts. Moreover, the years 2006 and 2011 were significant increase where more mental health problems emerged and help-seeking behaviors increased dramatically. (2) The SCL-90 factor was greater than or equal to 2 as the positive screening criterion. Male students reported more mental health problems but less help-seeking behaviors than female students did. Male students’ mental health problems and help-seeking behaviors did not change across cohorts whereas female students’ mental health problems and help-seeking behaviors increased across cohorts. (3) Three patterns of students were identified based on their mental health problems: the severe psychological problem group, the potential problem group, and the normal group. The proportion of the three groups was: the normal group was between 54.21% and 63.19%, the potential problem group was between 30.6% and 36.49%, and the proportion of severe psychological problems was between 6.05% and 11.86%. From 2005 to 2011 across cohorts, the students in the normal group showed an increasing trend, the students in the potential problem group showed a slow decline, and the student ratio of the serious psychological problem group showed the characteristics of the wave rising. (4) Both variable-centered analyses and person-centered analyses suggested that college students’ mental health problems were positively associated with help-seeking behaviors. Moreover, students with more mental health problems were more likely to seek professional helps from 2005 to 2011 across cohorts. 2. Based on 3-wave longitudinal data, we found: (1) With increases in enrollment time, mental health problems decreased whereas help-seeking behaviors increased . The midpoint during the freshmen year tends to be the key transition time. (2) Latent transition analyses suggested five profiles of students based on the changes in mental health problems over time: the consistent normal group, the consistent problematic group, the positive changing group, the negative changing group, and the Fluctuating group,and the proportion of the five profiles of development was 52.33%, 11.47%, 19.69%, 6.88% and 8.29% respectively. (3) Both variable-centered analyses and person-centered analyses suggested that mental health problems were positively associated with help-seeking behaviors. However, associations between mental health problems and help-seeking behaviors became weaker as time passed. (4) Mental health problems were positively associated with help-seeking behaviors and negatively associated with help-seeking willingness. Help-seeking willingness served as a suppression factor in the association between mental health problems and help-seeking behaviors over time. Peer relationship did not moderate associations among mental health problems, help-seeking willingness, and help-seeking behaviors. Both fathers’ attachment and mothers’ attachment moderated associations between mental health problems and help-seeking willingness. Specifically, among students reporting lower fathers’ attachment or mothers’ attachment, mental health problems were not related tohelp-seeking willingness; among students reporting higher fathers’ attachment and mothers’ attachment, mental health problems were positively associated with help-seeking willingness.