随着全球风险社会的到来，污染环境问题日益成为当今每个国家必须面对的现实难题。而污染环境罪在我国也经历了诸多变化，从罪名的修订到相关司法解释的陆续出台，都是为了较好地解决污染环境罪的防控问题。本研究报告用实证及教义学相结合的方法，分析出目前我国污染环境罪的刑罚配置存在的主要问题为：刑罚惩罚力（即刑罚的不可避免性）严重不足、刑罚的威慑力较弱、罚金刑制度需调整、禁止令等非刑罚措施需进一步完善等。 本文针对污染环境罪刑罚配置存在的主要问题，结合各国之立法和司法经验认为：尽管污染环境罪之刑罚惩罚力问题最为严重，但基于该罪的专业性要求极高，导致污染环境罪入罪率不高之具体原因多样且复杂，需从国家层面进行系统性的努力方能有效解决。从刑法学的角度而言，解决目前污染环境罪之司法困境，需要从立法上加以解决。 本文认为，污染环境罪的立法需进一步明确化和精细化，以提升立法的可操作性。具体建议有：从生态法益的重要性角度出发，建议将破坏环境资源保护类犯罪独立为一章，规定在危害公共安全罪之后；在立法方面，在刑法典不能承载的情况下，可以考虑启动行政刑法的立法模式，解决目前我国污染环境犯罪的现实问题；在法条中规定过失污染环境罪，将污染环境罪的法定最高刑提升到有期徒刑十年；基于环境问题的复杂性，可以将污染环境罪分解为无数多个具体的个罪，分别设置相应的法定刑。 对生态环境的高度重视是现代文明进步的体现，用法治思维和法治手段解决环境问题，也是现代国家理性之选择。希望本报告对污染环境罪刑罚配置的研究，能对我国有效解决污染环境犯罪问题有所裨益。

With the coming of risk society globally, the problem of environmental pollution has increasingly become a practical problem that every modern country has to deal with. So far , with the legislative amendments and environmental pollution crime’s judicial interpretations, the environmental pollution crime has been revised legislatively and judicially for several times in China to prevent and control environmental pollution crimes. With empirical method and dogmatic analysis method, the author views that main problems of China’s environmental pollution crime’s penalty configuration are as follows： severe inadequacy of penalty enforcement strength(the inevitability of penalty) ,weak deterrence of penalty, needs to adjusting the fine punishment system, the needs to perfecting non-penalty measures which include prohibition order,etc. As for the main problems of penalty configuration of the environmental pollution crime, with the legislative and judicial experience of various countries, the author views that systematic efforts must be made at the national level to effectively solve the problem, because the reasons for the low guilt crime rate of the environmental pollution crime are diverse and complex. Legislative methods should be used to solve current judicial dilemma. In order to enhance the execution , this paper holds that the legislative regulations of the environmental pollution crime should be formulated more clearly and scientifically. The specific recommendations are as follows: with the importance of ecological legal benefit, crimes of destroying environmental resources should be an independent chapter and regulated following the public security crimes. Meanwhile, the legislative mode of administrative criminal law might be considered to solve problems of China’s environmental pollution crimes. As for the penalty configuration, the author views that negligent environmental pollution crime is feasible, and the legal maximum penalty of the environmental pollution crime can be raised to ten- year imprisonment. With the complexity of environmental pollution issues, environmental pollution crimes should be regulated in several different crimes with corresponding statutory penalties separately. Attaching great importance to the ecological environment is the embodiment of modern civilization. It is also the rational choice of modern countries to solve environmental problems with the rule of law. It is hoped that this paper’s study on the penalty configuration of the environmental pollution crime will be useful to solve China’s environmental pollution problems.