大数据时代背景下，数据分析能力日趋重要。有关如何测试、评定数据分析能力的研究成果不断涌现，围绕数据分析能力考查情况的试题分析已存在大量研究，但针对国际性考试中数据分析能力考查的研究却并不多。

本文以2021年美国研究生入学考试试题中的数据分析题目为研究对象，探究其对数据分析能力的考查，构建宏观上从题型、分值、用时、问题情境方面，微观上分析数据分析能力各具体表现形式及其水平考查情况的试题分析框架，发现试题考查较为全面，兼顾了数据分析能力各个具体表现，通过给出各种图表，设置不同的题型和问题情境，辅以补充的题干信息，在一次考试中能够测试到考生能否有效获取针对研究对象的数据，选用合适的数学方法解释和分析数据，并对研究对象有正确的认识；试题总体侧重对“获取和整理数据”的考查，考查水平集中在水平二，大部分试题属于基础题，小部分是综合题。最后，辅以典型例题分析，并与高考试题数据分析素养的考查对比，为国内试题改革方向提供新的思路。

In the era of big data, data analysis ability becomes more and more important. Research findings on how to test and evaluate data analysis ability are constantly emerging. There have been a lot of studies on the analysis of examination about data analysis ability, but there are not many studies on the test of data analysis ability in international examinations.

This paper takes the Graduate Record Examination as the research object, constructs an examination research framework, macroscopically from question type, score, time, and setting and microscopically from the specific manifestations and their level of data analysis ability to explore its test on data analysis ability. It is found that the examination has carried out a comprehensive test on the data analysis ability, taking into account various specific manifestations. By giving different charts, setting different question types, supplying additional information, it is possible to test whether the candidates can obtain valid data for the research object, select appropriate mathematical methods to organize, analyze and infer the data, and gain knowledge about the research object; GRE generally focus on the examination of "acquiring and arranging data", and the examination level is concentrated in the second level. Most of the test questions are basic questions, and a small part are comprehensive questions. Finally, this paper analyses typical examples, and compared with the data analysis literacy of the college entrance examination questions, to provide new ideas for the reform of domestic examinations.