封闭妓院和娼妓改造是中华人民共和国建立初期，各级人民政府对半殖民地半封建社会余留下来的妓院进行封闭，并对妓女通过收容、教育、劳动、安置等方式，帮助她们发挥主观能动性，转变思想、改变生活，成为自食其力的公民的一种社会改造运动。西安市从1951年6月开始的封闭妓院和娼妓改造不仅取得了圆满成功，扫除娼妓制度的积弊，改善了社会风气，也促进了新中国妇女解放，是西安市人民政府城市社会治理的一次有益尝试，并成为西北地区娼妓改造的一个成功典范。本文将聚焦建国初西安市的封闭妓院和娼妓改造，了解改造前西安市妓院和妓女的具体情况，梳理西安市封闭妓院和娼妓改造前做的各项准备，叙述其具体改造过程和措施，对比西安市娼妓改造与其他城市的区别，总结西安市娼妓改造特点与成效，并探究新中国成立初期娼妓改造的影响与意义。

Closed brothels and transformation of prostitutes is a social reform movement in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, when people's governments at all levels closed the remaining brothels of the semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, and helped prostitutes to give full play to their subjective initiative, change their minds, change their lives, and become self-reliant citizens through shelter, education, labor, and resettlement. The reform of the closed brothel and prostitutes in Xi 'an City from June 1951 was a complete success, which cleaned up the accumulated evils of the prostitute system, improved the social atmosphere, and promoted the liberation of women in New China. It was a useful attempt of the People's Government of Xi 'an in urban social governance, and became a successful model of the reform of prostitutes in northwest China. This paper will focus on the reform of closed brothels and prostitutes in Xi 'an at the beginning of the People's Liberation of China, understand the specific conditions of the brothels and prostitutes in Xi 'an before the reform, summarize the preparations made before the reform of closed brothels and prostitutes in Xi 'an, describe the specific reform process and measures, compare the differences between the reform of prostitutes in Xi 'an and other cities, and summarize the characteristics and achievements of the reform of prostitutes in Xi 'an. It also explores the impact and significance of the reform of prostitutes in the early period of the People's Republic of China.