家务劳动是家庭生产的重要组成部分，家务劳动投入影响着个人在家庭内部的福利水平。有报告指出，虽然女性的生活状况相比十年前有所改善，但家庭内部的性别不平等现象依然普遍存在，而女性过重的家务负担是造成这一不平等的主要原因之一。随着社会的发展，省时产品和家政服务的出现在一定程度上减轻了女性的家务负担，但也对家庭经济状况提出了更高要求。面对日益攀升的生活成本，越来越多的女性也进入劳动力市场，传统“男主外，女主内”的家庭分工模式被打破。在新的家庭结构中，每个家庭成员如何配置时间以更好的平衡家庭与工作之间的关系，是一个值得关注的问题。

在这样的背景下，学界提出了时间配置理论、家庭分工理论，并基于博弈论构建了更加符合现实情况的模型，来描述家庭内部家务劳动分工决策。现有研究大多基于这些理论和模型对家务劳动的影响因素展开探讨，相关成果已经相当丰富，但较少关注到家务劳动本身的差异，特别是对情感性家务劳动的研究还较为缺乏。

基于以上现实和理论背景，本文借助家庭内部的博弈理论和纳什议价模型，从家务劳动细分视角，在考虑个人和家庭两方面异质性因素的基础上，研究家庭内部夫妻双方议价能力对家务劳动分工的影响。进一步地，本文还探究了议价能力、家务劳动与家庭内部不平等之间的作用机制。

本文通过实证分析，得到以下主要结论：第一，女性劳动者比男性劳动者显著承担更多家务劳动，提高议价能力会显著减少劳动者的家务劳动。第二，议价能力的效果既有一般性又有异质性，对男女均有效果，但对男性的效果大于女性；对不同类型家务劳动也有显著效果，但对一般性家务劳动的效果更大。第三，居住地、年龄、孩子数量等个体特征也对议价能力的效果有显著影响。其中，相比城镇劳动者，议价能力对农村劳动者的效果更大；相比低年龄段劳动者，议价能力对中高年龄段劳动者的效果更大；相比没有孩子或只有一个孩子的劳动者，议价能力对拥有一个以上孩子的劳动者效果更大。比较有趣的发现是，这些异质性因素对议价能力效果的影响在不同类型家务劳动上存在差异。本文认为，不同类型家务劳动本身的差异是造成这一差异的主要原因。相较而言，情感性家务劳动更需要投入大量情感，更依赖个体禀赋，可替代性更弱。第四，家务劳动时间是议价能力与家庭内部不平等之间的完全中介变量，即议价能力通过影响家务劳动时间进而影响家庭内部平等关系。

基于以上研究发现，本文认为女性在家庭内部特别是在家务劳动上遭受着不平等对待，使得女性的福利水平受到损害。为了改善这一状况，需要各方做出更多努力。相关部门应加强制度建设，保护女性合法权益；要发挥教育和媒体的力量，改善社会文化环境；同时，女性要积极参与劳动力市场，提高个人禀赋，增加收入来源，从而提高自身在家庭内部的议价能力。

Housework is an important part of family production, and the input of housework affects the level of welfare of individuals in the family. It was reported that although women’s living conditions had improved compared to a decade ago, gender inequality within the family remained prevalent, and that the heavy housework burden on women was one of the main causes of this inequality. With the development of society, the emergence of time-saving products and domestic services has reduced the burden of women’s housework to some extent, but also put forward higher requirements for the family economic situation. Facing the rising cost of living, more and more women also enter the labor market. The traditional family division mode of “ men dominate the outside and women dominate the inside” has been broken. In the new family structure, how each family member allocates time to better balance the relationship between family and work is a problem worthy of attention. 
In this context, the academic community proposed the theory of time allocation and family division of labor, and based on the game theory, a more realistic model was built to describe the allocation decision of housework in the family. Most of the existing studies are based on these theories and models to explore the influencing factors of housework, and the relevant results have been quite rich, but less attention is paid to the differences of housework itself, especially the emotional housework.
Based on the above reality and theoretical background, with the help of the game theory within the family and Nash bargaining model, this paper studies the influence of bargaining power of both spouses on the division of housework from the perspective of housework subdivision, considering the heterogeneity of individual and family. Furthermore, it explores the mechanism of bargaining power, housework time and inequality within the family. 
Through empirical analysis, there are several important findings. First, female workers bear more housework than male workers, improving bargaining power will significantly reduce the housework of workers. Second, the bargaining power has both generality and heterogeneity, and has an effect on both men and women, but it has more effect on men than women; it has a significant effect on different types of housework, but it has a greater effect on general housework. Third, residence, age, number of children will also have a significant impact on bargaining power. Among them, compared with urban workers, bargaining power has a greater effect on rural workers; compared with low-age workers, bargaining power has a greater effect on middle and high-age workers; compared with workers without children or only one child, bargaining power has a greater effect on the workers with more than one child. It is interesting to find that the influence of these heterogeneous factors on the effect of bargaining power differs in different types of housework. This paper holds that the difference of different types of housework itself is the main reason for this difference. Comparatively speaking, emotional housework needs more emotional input, more dependent on individual endowments and less substitutability. Fourthly, housework time is the complete intermediary variable between bargaining power and inequality within the family, that is, the bargaining power affects the family internal equality relationship by influencing housework. 
Based on the above research findings, this article believes that women suffer unequal treatment within the family, especially in housework, which damages the level of women’s welfare. In order to improve this situation, more efforts are needed. Relevant departments should strengthen the system construction to protect the legitimate rights of women; use the power of education and media to improve the social and cultural environment; meanwhile, women should actively participate in the labor market, improve their personal endowments, and increase their sources of income, so as to improve their bargaining power within the family.