摘 要 宣传，是政党实现其政治纲领和相关政策的重要方式。对于一个政党而言，宣传工作是其全部事业的重要组成部分，即宣传是为政党实现其党纲、路线、方针和全部政策而服务的。在某些特殊的历史时期，宣传是影响政党的政治生命能否延续的关键因素之一。换言之，宣传是党的纲领及相关政策执行效果的重要延伸，亦是党内高层对全党进行思想领导的重要保证。同时，宣传为政党建立某种政治模式提供必要的政治拓展空间。 因此，有效建构政党的宣传工作体系，就成为了孙中山等人重点思考的革命方略。然而，1924年改组前国民党方面并没有制定和实施有效的宣传政策，用以推动国民党向革命政治的方向发展，导致国民党方面长期处于政治被动的局面。因此，当苏俄的政党建设理念被引入中国时，孙中山敏锐地感知到这种新政党体制所带有的组织性与纪律性，使其对国民党未来的政治命运产生了新的思考。1924年，这一思考终于得出了应有的政治结果，即统一与严格的宣传组织必须实现对政党思想的完全掌控，使国民党成为思想一致、行动一致的集权型政党。1924年，一种作为统一宣传理念的实现形式，正式被国民党方面所确认。于是，中国国民党中央执行委员会宣传部（以下称“中央宣传部”）出现在国民党的组织系统当中。与此前的中国国民党宣传部不同，此时的中央宣传部因此党务宣传核心的身份出现的。 作为国民党党务宣传的最高机构，中央宣传部掌理党务宣传政策的制定、宣传人员的训练、相关宣传组织的运作及宣传教育等方面的事务。另外，中央宣传部作为国民党党内与党外之间进行联系的桥梁，对于国民党方面处理各种涉及宣传动员及主义扩播的工作内容，亦有重要的意义。然而，中央宣传部的建立政治基础（即“领袖的工具”）妨碍了其发挥组织性宣传的显著作用。自孙中山逝世后，中央宣传部的整体性权威就处于不断下坠的过程中：由于国民党内长期存在的派系政治，造成了其在党内开展工作时受到干扰，即在无“绝对领袖”的指导下，就无法对全党进行统一的宣传指导。具体而言，从北伐战争开始，这一情况就已经呈愈演愈烈的趋势。国民革命军中的总政治部、国民政府内的一些机关、党内其他动员组织机关、国民党所掌控的各种党团等，都在事实上分解中央宣传部的权力，逐步造成中央宣传部在行使权力时不得不采取所谓“工作联动”的方式予以实现。至南京国民政府时期，其仅能作为法理上代表国民的最高宣传，事实上已经无法对全党的宣传事务形成职能威慑了。 中央宣传部自1924年起，其发展和演变是一个动态的历史过程。广州时期，它的工作侧重在于对党务宣传的指导和组织群众动员。武汉时期，中央宣传部的工作，主要以对工农群众和军队的宣传指导两个方面而逐步展开。在一定意义上完善了其作为革命宣传机关的政治含义。及至南京国民政府时期，中央宣传部除负责党务宣传工作的日常运行外，亦在制定国家层面的控制原则及宣传法规等方面体现了其存在价值。国民党在“训政”前期所公布的《训政时期纲领》，明确中央宣传部是国民党的最高宣传机关，负责党内一切宣传事务的开展及运作。全面抗战时期，虽然中央宣传部在蒋介石的安排下成为国民党在战时机制下的“宣传核心”。然而，由于此时党、政、军内部的各种宣传类机关依旧存在，使其只能成为一个党务宣传工作的性联络机关。而对于党内重要的宣传议案及人事任免等事务，仅可在获得蒋介石的核准后，其才能正式确认通过。 总之，国民党统治大陆时期，中央宣传部曾扮演过较为重要的角色。它通过宣传政策的设计及法规的制定等方式，基本确立了党务宣传活动的准则，指导国民党党务宣传运行，使国民党的宣传系统逐步完善。在指导国民党各级党部建立的宣传部门后，亦使国民党的主义伸张亦在一程度上取得了成效。虽然其职权最后陷入了无效和虚化，但是其在党权法理上的地位一直没有改变。即便行使职权时，必须得到“领袖”同意，但“领袖”的决议也需由“中常会”和“中执会”的决议后，以训令或法律的形式，交由各党务和军务机构执行。当然，对政务的指导亦是如此。

Propaganda is an essential way for a party to realize its political program and related policies. For a political party, publicity work is an integral part of its fundamental cause。that, publicity is for the Party to realize its program, line, guidelines,and all policies and services. In some particular historical stages, propaganda is one of the critical factors in whether the political life of the party can continue. In other words, propaganda is an essential extension of the implementation effect of the arty's program and related policies, as well as an essential guarantee for the ideological leadership of the party by the party's senior leadership. At the same time, propaganda provides the necessary space for political parties to establish a political model. Therefore, the practical constructing of the Party's propaganda work system has become the revolutionary strategy that Sun Yat-sen and others focus on. However, before the reorganization in 1924, the Kuomintang did not formulate and implement effective propaganda policies to promote the Kuomintang to direction of revolutionary politics; This led to long-term political passivity in the Kuomintang. Therefore, when Soviet Russia's political party construction concept was introduced into China, Sun Yat-sen was keenly aware of the organization and discipline of the new political party system, which made him think about the future political destiny of the Kuomintang. In 1924, this thought finally got the political result. The unified and strict propaganda organization must realize complete control of the Party's ideology,so that the Kuomintang could become a centralized party with consistent thought and consistent action. In 1924, a form of realization as a unified propaganda concept was officially confirmed by the Kuomintang. As a result, the Publicity Department of the Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang (from now on referred to as the "Central Publicity Department") appeared in the organizational system of the Kuomintang.Unlike the previous Kuomintang propaganda Department, the Central Propaganda Department emerged as the core of party propaganda. As the highest organ of Kuomintang propaganda, it is responsible for the formulation of Kuomintang propaganda policies, the training of propaganda personnel, the operation of relevant propaganda organizations,and propaganda and education. In addition, the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee, as a bridge between the Kuomintang Party and outside the Party, is also of great significance for the Kuomintang to deal with all kinds of work related to propaganda mobilization and doctrine spreading. However, establishing a political foundation (i.e., a "leader's tool") of the Central Propaganda Department prevented it from playing a significant role in corporate propaganda. Since Sun Yat-sen's death, the overall authority of the Central Propaganda Department has been in the process of declining: due to the long-standing factional politics within the Kuomintang; its work within the Party has interfered, that is, without the guidance of the “absolute leader”, it is unable to conduct unified propaganda and guidance for the whole party. Specifically, since the beginning of the "Northern Expedition" war, that situation has been an increasingly fierce trend. The General Political Department of the National Revolutionary Army, various organizational organs of the National government, other mobilization organs within the party, and different party and youth groups controlled by the Kuomintang all practically disintegrated the power of the Central Publicity Department, leading to the fact that the Central Publicity Department had to adopt the way of working contact to realize unified propaganda. By the time of the Nanjing Nationalist Government, it could only act as the highest propaganda decision-making body on behalf of the Kuomintang legally, and in fact, could not form a functional deterrent to the propaganda affairs of the whole party. The development and evolution of the Central Propaganda Department of the Chinese Kuomintang since 1924 is a dynamic historical process. During the Guangzhou period, its main work focused on the guidance of Party propaganda and mass mobilization. During the Wuhan Period, the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee added the propaganda work of workers and peasants and the propaganda and guidance work of the army into its work content, which improved its political meaning as a revolutionary propaganda organ in a certain sense. In the period of the Nanjing Nationalist Government, the Central Propaganda Department not only controlled the propaganda work of the party,but also reflected the value of party governance in formulating propaganda laws and regulations and control principles at the national level. The Program for the Period of Political Training published in the early stage of Political Training made it clear that the Central Propaganda Department was the highest propaganda organ in the Kuomintang and was in charge of all propaganda affairs in the Kuomintang,in During the Anti-Japanese War, although the Central Propaganda Department became the core of wartime propaganda under the arrangement of Chiang Kai-shek, various propaganda organs within the Party's, the government,and the army still existed, so it could only serve as the joint organ of propaganda work within the Kuomintang. The Central Propaganda Department officially approved important propaganda bills and personnel appointments only after Chiang Kai-shek approved them. In short, in the Kuomintang period of mainland rule,the Central Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China played a more important role. Through the design of propaganda policies and the formulation of laws and regulations, it established the guidelines of Party affairs propaganda activities, guided the Kuomintang Party affairs propaganda operation, and gradually improved the Kuomintang propaganda system. After conducting the propaganda departments set up by the Party departments at all levels of the Kuomintang, the Kuomintang's advocacy of socialism has also achieved results to a certain extent. Although its authority eventually fell into invalidity and vacuity; However, its position in the legal theory of party power has not changed. Even if the exercise of control requires the consent of the "leader"; However, the resolutions of the "leaders" shall also be submitted to the party and military organs for implementation in the form of instructions or laws after the solutions of the "regular Congress" and the "Executive Council". Of course, the same is true for the guidance of government affairs.