蒙古国只与中俄两国相邻。如何处理与中俄两个国家之间的关系，以及关系的好坏，在一定程度上影响着蒙古国的发展未来。 蒙古国与中华人民共和国的外交关系始于 1949年，但两国关系经历了曲折的发展历程。 苏联解体以后，蒙古国转变了外交政策构想，从而形成了独立的外交政策。从那时起， 蒙中两国关系得以恢复，高层互访逐步定期化。进入到 20 世纪以来，两国关系不断发展，于 2014 年建立了全面战略伙伴关系。本文的篇章结构安排如下：

第一章论述了小国外交政策与蒙古国外交政策。在这一部分，笔者详细分析了小国的定义、小国的外交特点和模式以及蒙古国独立自主对外政策的形成。蒙古国位于中俄两大国之间。根据 20 世纪 90 年代的国际格局、本国国情以及地缘政治特点， 蒙古国的外交政策目标发生了根本变化，其外交政策的重点不再仅仅局限于社会主义世界范围。1994 年，蒙古国大呼拉尔颁布了两份文件，分别是《蒙古国安全构想》和《蒙古国对外政策构想》。在《蒙古国对外政策构想》中指出，蒙古国奉行开放、不结盟的外交政策，与两个邻国均衡交往，对两个邻国的任何一方不予以过分干扰，保持中立。外交政策展方向的第二项是与东西方发达国家发展外交关系的政策，它是“第三邻国”政策提出的基础。鉴于对特殊地缘政治环境的考量，蒙古国提出“第三邻国”政策，目的是在中俄两国之间寻求平衡。蒙古国采取的“第三邻国”政策，并非是对中俄两国产生敌意，而是以期与两个邻国保持永久的友好关系。

第二章梳理了冷战结束后蒙中关系的发展历程（ 1991-2013）。在这一部分中，笔者回顾了从两国关系正常化到 2013 年间的历史过程。 尽管蒙中两国建交已达七十年之久，但其发展过程并不顺利。从 20 世纪 80 年代中期开始，蒙中两国寻求重建外交关系的机会。 1990 年蒙古人民共和国主席奥其尔巴特访华期间，中华人民共和国主席杨尚昆指出蒙中两国关系已经正常化。 1994 年，中华人民共和国国务院总理李鹏访蒙期间，两国修订并签署了《蒙中友好关系合作条约》，为蒙中关系的后来发展奠定了法律基础。此后，两国关系在各领域逐步得到恢复。 1991-2013 年间的蒙中关系分为三个阶段： 1991-2003年，双边处于“睦邻友好合作关系”阶段； 2003-2011 年，双边处于“睦邻互信伙伴关系”阶段； 2011-2013 年，双边处于“战略伙伴关系”阶段。在梳理各时期的双边关系时，笔者还详细剖析了双边的政治、经济和人文关系历程。

第三章分析了“一带一路”时期的蒙中两国政治关系。中国提出了“一带一路”的倡议。在中华人民共和国主席习近平访蒙期间，双方把两国关系提升为全面战略伙伴关系。在这一框架下，笔者深入研究了双边的政治关系。 2014 年以来，两国元首访问逐渐定期化，重大互访次数逐渐增多，促进了两国关系的发展。随着两国元首会晤的机会增多，还形成了中蒙俄三边会晤的机制，推动了中蒙俄的共同发展。同时，双边政党关系“一带一路”时期的蒙中关系研究2趋于活跃，并开展了蒙中军事和安全领域的合作。

第四章分析了“一带一路”时期的蒙中经济关系。在这一章里，笔者更为详细地研究了蒙中两国的经济关系。 1991 年以来，为了发展两国的经济关系，双方制订了一系列基础性文件，订立了合约，并严格遵循着。 蒙古国是“一带一路”倡议的沿线国家，也是中蒙俄经济走廊的共建者。蒙古国对接中国“一带一路”倡议提出了“发展之路”计划。中国是蒙古国最大的贸易伙伴国，也是第二大投资国。在这一部分中，笔者通过一系列数据反映了蒙中全面战略伙伴关系下的双边经贸合作情况。 蒙古国拥有丰富的自然资源，两国经济关系具有互补性，合作前景广阔。在“一带一路”建设框架内，中国增加了向蒙古国提供的援助和贷款额度，优化了投资方向。

第五章论述了“一带一路”时期的蒙中两国人文关系。在这部分中，笔者就教科领域、文化交流和旅游业合作方面深入讨论了两国人文关系。《中华人民共和国和蒙古国关于建立与发展全面战略伙伴关系联合宣言》中指出了增加奖学金名额、互访名额和培训名额等，这为两国人民彼此理解、扩大人文关系做出很大贡献。随着孔子学院在蒙古国成立及其教学活动的开展，蒙古国学习汉语的学生人数倍增。位于蒙古国首都乌兰巴托市的中国文化中心定期组织文化活动，近年来还在蒙古国除首都之外的一些省市向当地百姓宣传中国文化、传统习俗，以此来促进两国的人文关系。城市间建立的兄弟关系是文化关系的载体。两国旅游关系的发展很有前途，万里茶道是一条始于中国、经蒙古高原延伸到欧洲的商路。目前蒙中两国共同致力于恢复万里茶道，合作潜力巨大。

第六章讨论了“一带一路”时期的蒙中两国关系的影响因素、前景展望和政策建议。在这一部分中， 笔者分析了两国政治、经济领域的影响因素，并对两国关系未来的发展进行了展望。政治领域发展的障碍包括“中国威胁论”、“达赖喇嘛”和“台湾问题”，笔者对这些问题的表现、双方立场进行了分析。蒙古国投资环境的不稳、基础设施的薄弱以及蒙古国中资企业问题是经济领域的障碍。最后，笔者从深化全面战略伙伴关系、强化经贸合作关系以及扩大人文交流的角度对两国关系的前景进行了展望。

当前，蒙中关系属于历史最好时期。在政治方面，两国不断增进互信，在国际事中配合增多；在经贸方面，双边合作进入快速发展阶段；在人文方面，民间交往密切，文化交往扩大。

       Mongolia is only adjacent to China and Russia. How to deal with the relationship between China and Russia, as well as the quality of the relationship, affects the development of Mongolia to a certain extent. The diplomatic relationship between Mongolia and the People's Republic of China began in 1949, but the relationship between the two countries has experienced a tortuous development. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Mongolia changed its foreign policy vision, thus forming an independent foreign policy. Since then, relations between Mongolia and China have been restored, and high-level visits have gradually become regular. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the relationship between the two countries has continued to develop, and a comprehensive strategic partnership was established in 2014. The chapter of this article is structured as follows: The first chapter discusses the foreign policy of small countries and the foreign policy of Mongolia. In this part, the author analyzes in details of the definition of small countries, the diplomatic characteristics and models of small countries, and the formation of Mongolia ’s independent foreign policy. Mongolia is located between China and Russia. According to the international pattern, national conditions, and geopolitical characteristics of the 1990s, the goals of Mongolia ’s foreign policy have undergone fundamental changes. The focus of its foreign policy is no longer limited to the socialist world. In 1994, Mongolia ’s Great Hural issued two documents including “Mongolia ’s Security Concept” and “Mongolia ’s Foreign Policy Concept”. It was pointed out in the "Mongolia's Foreign Policy Concept" which Mongolia allows? an open and non-aligned foreign policy, maintains balanced exchanges with two neighboring countries and does not disturb either side of the two neighboring countries excessively and remains neutral. The second item in the direction of foreign policy development is the policy of developing diplomatic relations with developed countries in the east and west. It is the basis for the policy of the "third neighboring country". In view of the consideration of the special geopolitical environment, Mongolia proposed the "third neighboring country" policy, the purpose of which is to find a balance between China and Russia. The "third neighbouring country" policy adopted by Mongolia is not to be hostile to China and Russia, but to maintain permanent friendly relations with the two neighboring countries. 4 The second chapter sorts out the development process of Mongolia-China relations after the end of the Cold War (1991-2013). In this part, the author reviews the historical process from the normalization of relations between the two countries to 2013. Although Mongolia and China have established diplomatic relations for 70 years, the development process has not been smooth. Since the mid-1980s, Mongolia and China have sought opportunities to rebuild diplomatic relations. During the visit of Mongolia’s President Ochirbat in 1990, President Yang Shangkun of the People's Republic of China pointed out that the relations between Mongolia and China have been normalized. In 1994, during the visit of the Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China to Mongolia, the two countries revised and signed the "Mongolia-China FriendshipRelations Cooperation Treaty", which laid a legal foundation for the future development of Mongolia-China relations. Since then, relations between the two countries have been gradually restored in various fields. The relationship between Mongolia and China in 1991-2013 is divided into three stages: from 1991 to 2003, the two sides are in the stage of "neighborly and friendly cooperative relations"; from 2003 to 2011, the two sides are in the stage of "neighborly partnership of mutual trust"; At the stage of "strategic partnership". When combing the bilateral relations in various periods, the author also analyzed the history of bilateral political, economic, and human relations in detail. The third chapter analyzes the political relations between Mongolia and China during the “One Belt and One Road” period. China has proposed the "One Belt and One Road" initiative. During President Xi Jinping's visit to Mongolia, the two sides promoted bilateral relations to a comprehensive strategic partnership. Under this framework, the author delves into the bilateral political relations. Since 2014, visits by the heads of two states have gradually become regular, and the number of major mutual visits have gradually increased, promoting the development of relations between the two countries. As the chances of meeting between the heads of two states increased, a mechanism for the trilateral meeting between China, Mongolia and Russia was formed, which promoted the common development of China, Mongolia and Russia. At the same time, bilateral political party relations have become more active and cooperation between Mongolia and China in the military and security fields has been launched. Chapter 4 analyzes the economic relationship between Mongolia and China during the period of the  Belt and Road”. In this chapter, the author studies the economic relationship between Mongolia and China in more detail. Since 1991, in order to develop the economic relationship between the two countries, the two sides have formulated a series of basic documents, signed a contract, and strictly followed. Mongolia is a country along the One Belt and One Road Initiative and a co-builder of the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor. Mongolia has proposed the “Road for Development” plan to meet China ’s “Belt and Road” initiative. China is Mongolia's largest trading partner and the second largest investor. In this part, the author reflects the bilateral economic and trade cooperation under the comprehensive strategic partnership between Mongolia and China through a series of data. Mongolia is rich in natural resources. The economic relations between the two countries are complementary, and cooperation prospects are broad. Within the framework of the “Belt and Road” construction, China has increased the amount of assistance and loans provided to Mongolia, optimizing the direction of investment. Chapter 5 discusses the humanistic relationship between Mongolia and China during the “One Belt and One Road” period. In this part, the author discussed in depth the humanities relationship between the two countries in the fields of education, cultural exchanges and tourism cooperation. The "Joint Declaration of the People's Republic of China and Mongolia on the Establishment and Development of a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership" pointed out the increase in scholarships, mutual visits and training, etc., which has made great contributions to the mutual understanding and expansion of cultural relations between the two peoples. With the establishment of the Confucius Institute in Mongolia and the development of its teaching activities, the number of Mongolian students learning Chinese has doubled. The Chinese Cultural Center in Ulaanbaatar, the capital city of Mongolia, regularly organizes cultural events. In recent years, it has also promoted the Chinese culture and traditional customs to local people in some provinces and cities other than the capital of Mongolia to promote the humanities of the two countries. relationship. The brotherhood established between cities is the carrier of cultural relations. The development of tourism relations between the two countries is very promising. The Wanli Tea Ceremony is a commercial road that started in China and extended to Europe via the Mongolian Plateau. At present, Mongolia and China are working together to restore the Wanli Tea Ceremony, with great potential for cooperation. Chapter 6 discusses the influencing factors, prospects and policy recommendations of the relationship between Mongolia and China during the “One Belt and One Road” period or initiative. In this part, the author analyzes the influencing factors in the political and economic fields of the two countries and prospects the future development of the relationship between the two countries. Obstacles to the development of the political sphere include the "China threat theory", "Dalai Lama" and "Taiwan issue." The author analyzed the performance of these issues and the positions of both parties. The unstable investment environment in Mongolia, the weak infrastructure, andthe problems of Mongolian Chinese companies are obstacles in the economic field. Finally, the author looks forward to the prospects of bilateral relations from the perspective of deepening comprehensive strategic partnership, strengthening economic and trade cooperation, and expanding cultural exchanges. 

         At present, Mongolia-China relations belong to the best period in history. In terms of politics, 6 the two countries have continuously increased mutual trust and increased cooperation in international affairs; in economics and trade, bilateral cooperation has entered a stage of rapid development; in terms of humanities, non-governmental exchanges have been close and cultural exchanges have expanded.