本研究探讨了小学高年级学生的工作记忆与推理能力对数学问题解决的影响。研究选取了223名小学高年级学生作为被试，横跨两省，男女生比例均衡。被试完成了以下测验任务：自编《小学高年级学生的数学问题解决能力测验》、自编《小学高年级学生工作记忆广度测验》、《瑞文标准推理测验》。通过描述统计、T检验、Pearson相关、中介效应分析、建立回归方程等量化研究方法，得出如下结论： （1）小学高年级学生的工作记忆广度、推理能力与数学问题解决能力均存在相关。 （2）小学高年级学生的工作记忆广度、推理能力影响着数学问题解决能力，工作记忆广度与推理能力的交互作用显著。 （3）小学高年级学生的推理能力是工作记忆广度与数学问题解决能力间的中介变量。 （4）多元线性回归模型的拟合效果良好，工作记忆广度、推理能力对于小学高年级学生的数学问题解决能力具有较好的预测作用。

This study explores the impact of working memory and reasoning ability of senior grade primary school students on mathematical problem solving ability. The study selected 223 senior grade primary school students as subjects, across the two provinces, the proportion of boys and girls balanced. The subjects completed the following test tasks: self-compiled "The mathematical problem solving ability test for primary school students", self-compiled "Working memory span test for primary school students", and "Raven standard reasoning test". Through descriptive statistics, T-test, Pearson correlation, the mediating effect analysis and regression analysis, this study concludes as follows: (1) The working memory span, reasoning ability and mathematics problem solving ability of senior grade primary school students are related. (2) The working memory span and reasoning ability of senior grade primary school students affect mathematics problem solving ability, and the interaction between working memory span and reasoning ability is significant. (3) The reasoning ability of senior grade primary school students is the mediator variable between working memory span and mathematical problem solving ability. (4) The multivariate linear regression model has a good fitting effect, and the working memory span and reasoning ability have a good predictive effect on the mathematical problem solving ability of senior grade primary school students.