本文选取《现代汉语词典》（第7 版）中的单音词作为研究对象，从整体上对现代汉 语单音词进行统计分析，对其词义历时发展演变进行考察，以弥补以往研究中关于词典中 单音词研究的不足，更好地认识单音词的现存状态和历时演变。 本文主要分为三部分：一是对现代汉语单音词地位、提取方法的讨论。单音词是现代 汉语基本词汇的核心，其他词汇以单音词为基础不断生成。提取现代汉语单音词需要注意 区别词与非词、词义与非词义，区分现代汉语义与古代汉语义，区别普通话义与方言义， 并收录外来义。 二是对现代汉语单音词进行定量统计分析，明确定量分析的原则和标准，从义项来源 和词类分布两方面对现代汉语单音词的统计情况进行阐述。义项来源部分，通过梳理单音 条目的义项来源、词类标记来提取现代汉语单音词及其词义义项。现代汉语单音条目的义 项来源主要可以分为两类：明确标注来源的义项、未明确标注来源的义项，还有少数几个 义项的来源交叉重合。明确标注来源的义项主要来源于文言义、方言义、口语义、外来义。 通过提取单音词表，我们得到现代汉语单音词3655 个，词义义项共7053 项，词义来源于 明确标注来源的词义（口语义、外来义）和未明确标注来源的词义。在词类分布方面，我 们从单义词和多义词的角度对现代汉语单音词词类分布情况进行描述，并对多义词中的同 类词和兼类词的词类分布、义项数量关系进行描写。 三是以现代汉语单音多义形容词为例，从词的本义演变和词的义位增减两方面，对现 代汉语单音词的发展演变情况进行探讨。词的本义的演变基本上可以分为四类：词义基本 不变、词义扩大、词义转移和其他类。词的义位的增减主要可以分为义位增加和义位先增 加后减少两种情况。

In order to make up for deficiencies of the study of monosyllables in dictionaries and have a better understanding of the existing state and diachronic evolution of monosyllabic words, in this paper, we selects monosyllabic words in the Modern Chinese Dictionary (7th edition) as research object, makes a statistical analysis of the modern Chinese monosyllables and investigates the evolution of its meanings. This paper can be divided into three parts. Firstly, we discuss the status and extraction methods of the modern Chinese monosyllables. Monosyllabic word is the core of the basic vocabulary of modern Chinese, and other words are generated on the basis of monosyllabic words.It is necessary to pay attention to the differences between words and non-words, meanings and non-word meanings of modern Chinese, distinguish meanings of modern Chinese from ancient Chinese, distinguish meanings of Mandarin Chinese from meanings of dialect, and include foreign meanings. Secondly, we carry out quantitative statistical analysis on modern Chinese monosyllables, explain the principles and standards of quantitative analysis, and expound the statistics of the modern Chinese mono-tone words from word meaning sources and distribution of word classes. There are two main sources of mono-tone items in modern Chinese: defined derivations and undefined derivations, and sources of a few items overlap. Defined derivations include literal meanings, dialectical meanings, spoken language meanings, foreign semantics. We have got 3,655 single phonological words in modern Chinese, with a total of 7053 lexical meanings which coming from defined derivations (spoken language meanings, foreign meanings) and meanings of the undefined sources. In terms of parts of speech distribution, we discuss the distribution of parts of speech from monosemic words and polysemic words, and explore the relationships between parts of speech distribution and number of meanings of words of the same kind and multi-category words. Thirdly, taking monophonic polysemy adjectives as examples, we discuss the development and evolution of the modern Chinese monosyllabic words from evolution of the original meanings of words and increases and decreases of the sememes of words.The evolution of original meanings of words can be divided into four categories: unchangeableness of meanings, the expansion of meanings, the transfer of meanings and other classes.The increases and decreases of the sememes of words can be divided into two cases: the increases of sememes and the first increases and then decreases of sememes.