鲁迅和周作人的对比研究一向是中国现代文学学界研究的重点和难点，而关于二人关系发展史的研究也是其中的一部分。鲁迅和周作人于1923年失和，又于1924年列名于语丝社“十六撰稿人”的名单上。且在此后，二人无论是在文学观念上，还是在社会影响上，都对语丝社的发展起到了巨大的推动作用，是语丝社的灵魂和主将。在对段祺瑞与章士钊、“现代评论派”、日本帝国主义以及狂飙社的笔伐与论战中，兄弟二人还相互配合，共同发声，打了许多漂亮的胜仗。笔者认为，兄弟二人由“两星永不相见”的失和，到《语丝》时期的配合作战，其中的原因与两人各自的个人性格、成长历程、政治主张甚至与时代背景有关，而这些因素会影响二人的文学观和思想倾向，并折射于二人的创作与批评中去，进而影响到文学史的发展。

The contrastive research of Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren is always an important and difficult point in the field of modern Chinese literature, including the research of the history of the relationship development. Although they had broken up in 1923, their names exist in the founders’ list of Yusi in 1924. What’s more, they are the commanders of Yusi, who both played a huge role in promoting the development of Yusi not only in the opinions of literature, but in the aspect of social impact. They even cooperated with each other and got victory eventually in debating with Chen Xiying and attacking Duan Qirui’s government, as well as condemning Japanese imperialism. Their relationship underwent the change from estrangedness to cooperation, and the reasons, which may affect their literature opinions and mind-set, then refract in their literature works, are concerned with their own characteristics, growing experience, political opinions and the contemporary social background.