“十三五规划”提出推进新型城镇化，坚持以人的城镇化为核心，加快农业转移人口市民化，推动更多的人口融入城镇。截至2016年，我国城镇化率已达到57.35%的水平。随着城镇化进程的不断推进，将会有越来越多的农村居民向城镇转移，而健康是保障其生存和发展的基本条件。本文聚焦城镇化进程中个体从农村到城镇的迁移行为，研究这种行为对迁移个体自身的健康、对原居住在城镇居民健康，以及没有迁移留在农村居民健康的影响。 本文基于文献资料进行变量选择，使用数据包括来自国家统计年鉴的省级宏观数据和源于CFPS（中国家庭追踪调查）的个体微观数据。使用应用广泛的“自评健康”和“相对上一年的健康水平变化”两个变量作为主观的健康水平度量，使用国际通用的健康体质测量方法BMI（身体质量指数），并基于中国官方标准，构造“是否过轻”、“是否过重”和”是否肥胖”三个变量衡量客观的健康水平。对于原城镇居民，用“城镇化率”描述城镇化水平；对非迁移的农村居民，定义省级的 “迁移率”（根据CFPS数据匹配相邻两期数据计算）描述当地个体迁离的情况；对于发生迁移的个体，构造“是否发生迁移”的0-1变量描述个体是否从农村迁移到城镇。此外，本文还控制了年龄、性别、收入、受教育年限等描述个体信息的变量，是否抽烟、是否喝酒等描述个体生活习惯的变量，以及其他描述基础设施建设、环境污染和医疗资源等的宏观变量。研究控制其他变量不变时，城镇化所引起的个体迁移行为分别对原城镇居民、非迁移农村居民、以及从农村迁往城镇居民三个群体健康的影响。最后还考虑城镇化水平和其他变量的交互项，分析城镇化水平影响其他变量从而间接影响个体健康的情况。 基于2010年、2012年、2014年和2016年共50435个样本25个变量组成的面板数据，对原城镇居民、非迁移农村居民和从农村迁往城镇的居民分别建立模型，最终得到如下结论：（1）对于原城镇居民，控制其他变量不变时，城镇化率对居民的“自评健康”有显著的负向影响；使用同为主观自评健康的“相对上一年健康变化”指标对模型稳健性进行检验，上述结果仍然成立。同时，通过加入交互项，发现城镇化率增加会减弱收入和医疗资源对于居民“自评健康”的正效应。此外，城镇化率增加会显著提升城镇居民“体重过重”的概率。（2）对留在农村的非迁移居民，控制其他变量不变时，当地迁移率增加会显著降低居民“自评健康”为“非常健康”的概率，增加“自评健康”为“不健康”的概率。同时，迁移率对农村居民“体重过轻”有显著的正向影响。（3）对从农村迁移到城镇的个体本身，这种迁移行为会对其“自评健康”和“相对上一年的健康变化”都产生显著的负向影响。即相对于没有发生迁移的个体，发生迁移的个体更可能作出差的“自评健康”和“相对上一年健康变差”的评价。 城镇化是我国拉动内需保持经济增长的重要潜力，也是现代化发展的必经道路。基于以上分析，为了尽可能减弱城镇化推进过程中对居民健康的消极影响，提出以下政策建议：（1）在城镇：合理配置更多医疗资源；规划和适度利用城镇的承载能力，积极治理环境，控制污染物排放；提供更多就业机会；鼓励人们锻炼身体，关注健康。（2）在农村：优化医疗资源配置，增加医疗保险覆盖比例，降低农村居民就医难度；加强义务教育建设，提升农村居民受教育水平；解决水资源的污染问题；关注 “高迁移率”地区农村居民的温饱和营养问题。（3）对从农村迁移到城镇的居民，应积极推进农村转移人口享有更多城镇基本公共服务，如将农民工等纳入城镇职工基本医疗保险，降低其就医成本；提供技术培训和受教育机会也有助于迁移居民获得更好的工作和收入，从而有利于其健康水平的提升，更好地实现人的城镇化。

The 13th Five-Year Plan put forward the promotion of new-type urbanization, which insisted on the urbanization of people as the core, and claimed to celebrate the urbanization of the population that were transferred from agricultural areas. As of 2016, the urbanization rate in China has reached 57.35%. Health was the basic condition for those people who migrated from villages to cities and towns to survive. This article focused on the migration behaviors of the individuals from rural to urban areas in the process of urbanization, and studied the effects of these behaviors on the health of migrators, on the health of the original residents living in cities and towns, and on the health of rural residents who did not migrate. The data used in this paper included provincial macro data from the National Statistical Yearbook and individual microdata from the CFPS (Chinese Family Tracking Survey). Two variables self-evaluation of health and the changes in the health over the previous year were used to measure the subjective health. Whether of being too light, too heavy or obesity were three variables that were calculated by BMI using the height and weight, measuring objective health. For original urban residents, urbanization rate was used to describe the level of urbanization. For non-migrant rural residents, migration rate was defined to measure the degree of the migration in local areas. The virtual variable whether of migrating from rural to urban areas meant whether the individuals had migrated. Besides, many other variables were controlled. For details, some variables that described the characteristics of individuals, such as age, gender, income, and years of education, and some variables that represented the individuals’ habits such as whether the individuals liked smoking or drinking, and some macro variables about infrastructure construction and environmental pollution and medical resources, were all included into this paper. Based on the panel data consisting of 50435 samples and 25 variables in 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016, the research was consisted of three parts. Three models were built separately for original urban residents, non-relocated rural residents and residents who migrated from rural areas to urban areas. The conclusions were as follows. 1) For original urban residents, urbanization rates had a significant negative impact on residents' self-reported health and the change of health during the last year. When other variables were controlled, the increase of urbanization rate would significantly increase the residents' risk of overweight. 2) For non-relocated rural residents, the increase of local migration rate would significantly increase the probability of a healthier self-evaluation. In addition, the migration rate had a significant positive effect on underweight. 3) For individuals who migrated from rural to urban areas, those kinds of behaviors of migration would have a significant negative impact on their self-reported health and the change of health. That is, the migrators were more likely to make poorier self-reported health than individuals who had not migrated. Urbanization is an important potential for China to stimulate domestic demand and maintain economic growth. And It’s also a necessary path for modernization and development. Based on the conclusions above, in order to reduce the negative impact of urbanization on the health of residents as far as possible, some policy recommendations were proposed: 1) More medical resources should be allocated in cities and towns rationally. The emissions of pollution should also be controlled. More work opportunities should be provided and urban residents should exercise more. 2) In rural areas, optimizing the allocation of medical resources and increasing the coverage of medical insurance were asked to reduce the difficulty in seeking for medical treatment. Besides, the construction of compulsory education should be strengthened to increase the levels of education of rural residents. Solving the problem of water pollution and paying attention to the nutritional problems of rural residents are both important. 3) For residents who have migrated from rural areas to cities and towns, more public services such as the basic medical insurances for urban workers should cover them. Technical training and education may be helpful for them to get better jobs and earn higher income and be good for their health.