当光从一种介质进入到另一种介质时，会在两介质的界面发生折射和反射现象，而且其振幅和位相会发生变化。菲涅耳公式完美地解释了光在两种均匀透明介质的界面反射和折射时，振幅、位相、偏振态的变化规律。 本文先介绍了人们对光的本质的认识历程，菲涅耳的生平以及对光学发展的巨大贡献，之后利用麦克斯韦的电磁理论的边值关系推导出菲涅耳公式，很好地诠释了光的电磁本性。第二部分介绍了菲涅尔公式中的振幅、位相等变化规律另附图加以说明以增强直观性，并运用其解释如半波损失、反射起偏、全反射等光学现象。最后介绍了菲涅尔公式在光的干涉、光的起偏、棱镜和光导纤维等几个光学领域中的应用。

Light from one medium into another medium, the refraction and reflection phenomena in the interface of two media, and its amplitude and phasechanges. Fresnel formula can perfectly explain the variation of the light in the two kinds of uniform and transparent media interface refl ection and refraction, amplitude, polarization state, light energy. This article first describes the course of people's understanding of the nature of light, and tremendous contribution of the Fresnel optical development and use of Maxwell's electromagnetic theory of boundary value relations export Fresnel formula to the interpretation of the electromagnetic nature of light. And the electric vector of the vector decomposition and sub-vector-forward provisions and vibration characteristics, detailed discussion and analysis of variation of the formula of the other drawings to illustrate to enhance intuitive, and the use to explain, such as half-wave loss, cloth Confucian Manchester law, total internal reflection, optical phenomena. Finally, in the field of optics in particular, is widely used in the polarization of light, thin film optics, electronics and information optics, made a detailed discussion and research.