土壤中的微生物由于数量大、种类多，营养和生态位点的竞争、相互影响和制约形成了一个动态平衡的土壤微生物群落。自从20世纪40年代青霉素出现以来，随着各种抗生素的投入使用，土壤中微生物也就随之产生了相应的抗药性，土壤中细菌抗药性与新型抗生素进行着相互选择。近年来大量的抗生素被作为饲料添加剂使用，抗药性基因在环境土壤中富集影响着食物链，抗药性基因还会经过多次转移进入人体危害健康。产生抗药性的基因机制和生化机制有一些已被人们所了解，从土壤微生物群体基因组的角度研究其多样性及功能是一种可行的方法,并已在国外受到广泛的关注。从DNA 的角度分析土壤微生物关键是DNA 的提取。16SrDNA 序列的保守性和存在的普遍性,是细菌分类学研究中最常用、最有用的“分子钟”。本研究计划选取北京不同区域具有代表性的棕色土壤，供试抗生素选用使用广泛的氨苄青霉素，采用基于经典的微生物分离培养基因分析方法和微生物总DNA的提取的16srDNA序列分析法，两种方法可以相互对照和验证。本工作所呈递的信息将为我们深入理解细菌抗药性的作用机制提供参考。

Microorganism in soil which have a large quantity and variety and Competition of nutrition and the organism's habits place having formed a dynamic balance edaphon community，influencing each other and restricting the community. Since the appearance of penicillin at 1940', various antibiotic have been put into use，the soil microorganism has produced corresponding resistance to drugs. There is a mutually choice between Late-model antibiotic and the bacterium's resistance to drugs. And large amount of antibiotic is feed additive usage in recent years, the resistance to drugs gene beneficiate in environment soil being affecting food chain. The resistance to drugs gene will damage our healthy by entering human body through many times changes. Gene mechanism and biochemistry mechanism producing resistance to drugs is known by people a little bit already, The angle from edaphon group genomes studies whose diversity and the function are one kind of feasible method, which already have been catching broad attention abroad. the angle from DNA analyses edaphon key is the DNA drawing. 16srDNA arrays conservative compose in reply the existence universality, are that bacterium tax logy studies the middle "molecular in common use, the most useful bell ". This studying chooses Beijing diversity originally typical brown soil. Adopt to draw 16srDNA array analysis law of general DNA training a gene analysis method and the microorganism owing to that the classical microorganism. Two kinds method can check against verification mutually. Information presented by job will provide a reference for we go deep into the mechanism understanding bacterium resistance to drugs effect.