Vaccines are the safest and most effective intervention measures for human beings to prevent infectious diseases. With the improvement of the national expanded immunization program and the continuous increase of the number of beneficiaries, Therefore, even if the small probability events after vaccination, such as the injury caused by serious abnormal reaction, the corresponding disease burden and socio-economic loss caused by vaccination are increasingly concerned by social media and the public, How to establish a fast, effective and comprehensive sustainable compensation mechanism has once again entered the public's field of vision and decision-making optimization reflection. According to the data reported by the health administrative department and the disease control system, there are nearly 1000 cases of suspected abnormal reactions caused by vaccination in China every year. Some of them are serious abnormal reactions, resulting in squeal or even permanent disability, and some are death cases. For a single family, parents will make huge claims to the government, and even evolve into a group of vicious events such as petitions and medical disturbances, which bring great trouble and social instability to the government and relevant medical institutions. With the development of China's legal construction and the strengthening of people's awareness of safeguarding their rights, it is necessary to reorganize and optimize the compensation mechanism of vaccination abnormal reaction from the perspective of health economics.

This paper focuses on two aspects. One is to analyze the current situation of compensation mechanism of vaccination abnormal response in China; the other focus on the necessity and feasibility of the establishment of commercial insurance compensation mechanism, as well as long-term sustainable development research. Methods: literature review, qualitative interview and comparative analysis of historical research were used to demonstrate the development status of commercial insurance compensation mechanism and the basis of legal protection. Finally, it analyzes the market and demand-oriented exploration of vaccination abnormal response commercial insurance compensation mechanism, the use of economic principles to reduce the loss of parents and no fault parties, and reduce social instability factors to achieve win-win strategy. The necessity and sustainability of commercial insurance for adverse reaction to vaccination in the future were demonstrated and the top-level reform design and local development policy suggestions were put forward

This study believes that the exploration of commercial insurance compensation mode is to timely adapt to social development and meet market demand, gradually form a risk sharing situation, reduce the burden of victims and families, improve compensation efficiency, and increase social satisfaction.

We can gradually establish the commercial insurance compensation mechanism for vaccination according to local conditions, promote the basic insurance and liability insurance compensation mode, and improve the diversified and multi-level mixed compensation mode.