共情是人类与生俱来的能力，它意味着当人们看到他人的遭遇时，会感同身受地产生类似的情感体验，它无时无刻地不在影响着人们的心理感受。对于经历了创伤的群体而言，共情能力会对他们创伤后的心理反应产生什么样的影响，是一个值得探究的议题。随着对于癌症患者这一受创伤群体心理健康问题的重视，已有很多研究证实，癌症患者经历了疾病的创伤，在与病魔斗争的过程中不仅会出现创伤后应激障碍（posttraumatic stress disorder，简称PTSD）等负面心理反应，同时也能够体验到心理上的正性变化获得创伤后成长（posttraumatic growth，简称PTG）。也有多个研究证实，心理弹性、社会支持、人格与性格特点、应对方式等多种元素会对癌症患者的PTSD与PTG造成影响。对于癌症患者而言，当他们在住院接受治疗的过程中，每天都处于一种具有创伤意味的环境，同时也会接触到与自己有相同经历的其他患者，共情也同样可能会对他们创伤后的心理反应产生影响。但是，到目前为止，暂时还没有研究者对这一方面进行过探究。因此，本研究以住院癌症患者作为研究对象，试图考察共情能力对其PTSD、PTG的影响。此外，癌症复发恐惧（Fear of Cancer Recurrence，简称FCR）是大多数癌症患者都会面对的问题，FCR作为一种情绪体验，它也可能会对共情能力与PTSD、共情能力与PTG的关系产生影响。 本论文以191名住院癌症患者为研究对象，选用人际反应指数量表-中国版（C-IRI）、癌症复发恐惧问卷、DSM-5的症状核查量表（PCL-5）以及创伤后成长问卷，考察共情能力对PTSD、PTG的影响，并验证FCR在共情能力与PTSD、共情能力与PTG之间的中介作用，共包含三个研究，结果如下： 第一，有32.98%的住院癌症患者有明显的PTSD症状，其PTSD在人口学与疾病相关信息上均不存在显著差异；有27.75%的住院癌症患者有明显的PTG症状，其PTG在人口学与疾病相关信息上均不存在显著差异；患病时长3-6个月的住院癌症患者共情能力相对较强，住院癌症患者的共情能力在其他人口学与疾病相关信息上均不存在显著差异；40-49岁的住院癌症患者FCR水平与40岁以下的患者相比较高，女性患者FCR水平要高于男性患者，住院癌症患者FCR水平在其他人口学与疾病相关信息上均不存在显著差异。 第二，对于住院癌症患者而言，其共情能力既可以直接显著正向预测PTSD，也可以直接显著正向预测PTG，起到了“双刃剑”的作用。 第三，对于住院癌症患者而言，其共情能力可以通过FCR显著正向预测PTSD、显著正向预测PTG，FCR在其间起到了部分中介的作用。 本论文扩大了对于癌症患者这一群体的创伤心理的研究范围，同时为创伤心理学提供了研究的新视角。有助于从更为多元的角度来理解癌症患者的心理变化，也为临床共情护理提供了一定的实证依据，对未来如何从共情和人本的角度对癌症患者的心理问题进行更有针对性的干预提供了启示

Empathy, for each person, is innate, referring to the circumstance in which one witnesses the sufferings of others, therefore generating the similar emotional experience; the phenomenon is omnipresence, constantly influencing individual feelings. As for those who have undergone traumas, the effect of empathy on their psychological status is worthy of being explored. With the increasing emphasis put on the mental status of those patients, a substantial body of research has confirmed that those who have suffered from cancers not merely generate some negative mental reactions like PTSD, but acquire PTG by the experience of positive psychological changes; some studies have suggested that several elements, e.g. psychological flexibility, social supports, personalities and characteristics, and coming strategies, can influence the PTSD and PTG of cancer patients. As they receive the hospitalization, they are in a situation with the undertone of traumas and exposed to those who have similar experiences, in which empathy may influence their psychological state thereafter. Nevertheless, no research, till present, has been conducted in this regard. Under this context, this paper has studied hospitalized cancer patients, thereby trying to identify the effect of empathy on the PTSD and PTG. This aside, most patients confront the fear of cancer recurrence (FCR), which is a mental experience with a possible influence on the relationship between empathy as well as the PTSD and PTG. This paper studied 191 hospitalized patients with cancers with the employment of C-IRI, the questionnaire regarding FCR and the mental state after the trauma, as well as PCL-5, so as to explore the influence of empathy on the PTSD and PTG, and to test the effect of FCR on the relationship of empathy as well as PTSD and PTG. The paper includes 3 respective studies presented below: First, 32.98% of hospitalized cancer patients had significant PTSD symptoms, and there was no significant difference in PTSD between demographic and disease-related information; 27.75% of hospitalized cancer patients had significant PTG symptoms, and there was no significant difference in PTG between demographic and disease-related information;the hospitalized cancer patients with 3-6 months of illness have strong empathy ability, and the empathy ability of hospitalized cancer patients has no significant difference in other demographic and disease-related information; hospitalization for 40-49 years old The FCR level of cancer patients is higher, the FCR level of female patients is higher than that of male patients. There are no significant differences in other demographic and disease-related information. Second, As for those patients, the empathy competency can positively predicate both the PTSD and PTG, serving as a double-edged sword. Third, As for the patients, the empathy ability can positively predicate the PTSD, by which the predication of the PTG and FCR is better achieved. This paper not merely expands the research scope of the trauma psychology among patients with cancers, but provides a new light for the psychological study, thereby helping to understand the mental change of those patients from multiple perspectives, offering certain proofs for the clinical nursing of empathy, and providing insights, on the basis of empathy and humanistic principles, for the future targeted intervention of psychological issues among those patients.