我国学前教育发展进入了新的历史时期，以普及为目标，加快实现教育公平与提高教育质量。办园体制作为学前教育体制的核心成分，对于普及的进度和性质有着决定性的作用。我国新颁布的《国家中长期教育改革与发展规划纲要（2010-2020）》从根本上打破了以往政府办少量“示范幼儿园”的思路，对办园体制改革做出了明确规定和要求，首次提出必须“坚持政府主导，社会参与，公办民办并举”。办园体制进行方向性调整，是“政府主导”的主要方面和具体诠释。在此政策框架下，新一轮的办园体制改革在全国范围内展开，迫切需要对其加以研究，为进一步深化改革、实现普及目标提供必需的智力支持。本研究以北京市为例，主要着眼于宏观层面的办园体制，将理论探讨与实证研究、问题分析与对策思考相结合，综合运用文献法和访谈法，回溯北京市办园体制改革的历程，分析新一轮办园体制改革的背景，在此基础上重点分析北京市自2009年起开展的办园体制改革，并深入分析北京市办园体制改革存在的问题。最后，在前面研究的基础上，提出深化办园体制改革的政策建议。首先，本研究以国家的政治经济体制、学前教育定位、学前教育基本政策以及办园格局为主要的划分依据，将北京市自改革开放至2008年的办园体制改革分为三个阶段，接着从社会背景和内部动因分析北京市自2009年起新一轮办园体制改革的背景，揭示当前办园体制改革的动机、机会与挑战。其次，本研究进一步考察了北京市办园体制改革的主要内容与特点：加强各级政府的统筹领导，将学前教育逐步纳入公共财政保障范围，以扩容和新建的方式大力发展公共财政支持的普惠性公办园，积极扶持和管理民办园，多种方式提高企事业单位和街道办园的积极性，推行小规模办园政策以及加强对幼儿园空间布局的调整。第三，本研究分析改革的经验，以及在程序和内容中存在的问题。最后，在上述研究的基础上，本研究从政府主导、财政投入和学前教育法规三个方面提出办园体制改革的保障条件，并从改革的原则与思路出发，提出深化北京市办园体制改革的政策建议：清晰定位各类园所，设定其运行规则及比例；进一步设计对公办园的支持方式，从农村到城市分批建设公办园；区分民办园的营利和非营利性质，落实对民办园的扶持和监管；加强制度创新，多种模式发展学前教育。

Early childhood education in China has entered a new phase: aiming at universalization, equity and quality. As a core part of ECE system, running system of kindergartens plays a determining role in the speed and quality of universalization. In the newly published National Medium and Long-term Educational Reform and Development Program (2010-2020) breaks the thought that governments set up a small number of “model kindergartens” from roots, makes clear requirements for the reform of running system, and stipulates the principle of “sticking to the lead of governments, social participation, and promoting both public and private kindergartens” for the first time. The change of direction in the running system is the major aspect and specific explanation of “governments’ leading”. In this policy framework, a new run of running system reform has been carried out nationwide, and calls for study so that it can get necessary intelligent supports.This study chooses Beijing as the case, focusing on running system on the macro level, and combines theory and field research, problem analysis and suggestions. Based on literature research method and interviews, this study reviews the history, analyzes the background, focuses on the reform of running system in Beijing since 2009, and analyzes the problems in depth. Finally, based on the proceeding research, this study puts forth policy suggestions as to how to deepening the reform.Firstly, according to the national political and economic systems, the status of ECE, basic policies of ECE and the structure of kindergartens, this study separates the reform (1979-2008) into three stages, and then analyzes the background of the new reform regarding to social background and internal motivation, so as to reveal the motivation, opportunities and challenges of the present reform. Secondly, the study discusses the main contents and characteristics of the reform in Beijing: strengthening the lead of all levels of governments, gradually containing ECE into the public financing, greatly promoting the development of public kindergartens, positively supporting and managing private kindergartens, motivating social organizations to set up kindergartens, making the policy of small-scale kindergartens, and stepping up the reorganization of kindergartens. Thirdly, the study analyzes the experiences and problems in procedure and contents of the reform. In the end, the study comes up with the safeguarding requirements in governing, public financing and ECE laws, and beginning with reform principles, it makes policy suggestions: clearly defining all kinds of kindergartens and setting their rules and proportion; further designing supporting strategies of public kindergartens, and building public kindergartens from country to city; separating the profit and non-profit quality of private kindergartens, and realizing supports and management of private kindergartens; strengthening system innovation, and promoting ECE in varied modes.