反问句是现代汉语中一种颇有特点的功能句类。反问句研究一直是语言学界的热点课题之一。在语法、语义、语用各方面，反问句研究都取得了丰硕的成果，但围绕反问句的一些根本性问题，比如反问句的核心性质、内部构成、功能分类等，学者们依然存在分歧。如何突破现有研究瓶颈，如何在反问句教学中实现情境、句法、功能三者的有机结合，是反问句研究面临的突出问题。反问句研究仍然需要有新的方法与思路。 本文尝试在言语行为的视角下对现代汉语反问句的构成规则及施事行为进行研究。本研究的假设是言语行为理论能帮助我们解决一直围绕反问句的定性问题与分类问题。研究思路是首先运用言语行为的适合条件理论、间接言语行为理论以及言语行为分类标准与分类结果对反问句进行定性与行为分类研究。随后从大量的语料分析入手，考察反问句在对话与叙述两种情境下实施的行为类型以及这些行为类型的构架方式与语法标记手段，从而突破经典言语行为理论局限于对话中单句研究的局限，进一步丰富与完善反问句行为研究。 本文认为，反问句实施反问言语行为。反问言语行为顺利产生和实施需要满足命题条件、预备条件、诚实条件及本质条件这四个适合条件以及相应的构成规则。依据四个条件，可以确定典型反问句的语用特征，并将其与询问、反讽区别开来。同时，或多或少违反这些条件的反问被认为是非典型反问句。本文分析了间接的反问、犹豫的反问以及虚假的反问三种非典型反问情况。我们认为，典型反问句与非典型反问句共同构成反问句原型范畴。 反问句字面意义与其命题意义和功能意义相反的特性决定了反问句的行为间接性。我们认为，行为间接性是反问句区别于陈述句、感叹句、祈使句等的重要特征，同时也说明反问句的产生与使用在一定程度上顺应了礼貌原则。 对于反问句的功能分类，学界一直存在分歧。我们认为，虽然反问句功能多变，但皆可归入反问-断言、反问-指令、反问-表态、反问-表情四类言语行为中。这四类行为都是间接言语行为。反问-断言行为的施事要点是间接确认、评价、强调反问命题的真实性。反问-指令行为的施事要点是间接请求、命令或阻止听话人做某事。反问-表态行为的施事要点是针对某事物与言论间接表达自己的理性态度。反问-表情行为的施事要点是间接表达由外界事物引发的情感状态。对反问句进行行为分类有助于我们对相似功能进行整合并发现其共同特征。 在反问句行为分类的基础上，本文从语料分析入手，逐一统计对话与叙述两种情境下各类反问行为的实施情况，同时从构架方式与语法标记手段两个角度对反问行为进行了深入研究，并得出以下结论： 1.在两种情境中，反问句间接实施的行为主要是反问-断言行为。其次为反问-表态行为和反问-表情行为。反问-指令行为只出现于对话情境中，并且数量较少。 2.在两种情境中，反问言语行为的顺利实施大多需要其他辅助言语行为的配合。这些辅助言语行为主要起直接阐述观点或直接言明态度与情绪、解说相关情况、列举行为原因、假设行为条件、说明行为结果或结论等作用。 3.在不同情境中，反问言语行为的构架方式或表现出的语用功能会有不同。这种不同源于不同情境有不同的言语风格。 4.在两种情境中，反问言语行为的语法标记手段基本相同，主要包括使用疑问句式、某些固定疑问结构、施为动词、能愿动词、副词、语气词以及特殊标记语等。少数语法标记手段的差异主要是由口语与书面语的语体差异造成的。 本文对反问句及反问言语行为的研究，从适合条件与构成规则的角度对反问句的本质特征与原型范畴做出了新的论述，从反问句施事行为的分类以及反问行为的构架方式与语法标记手段等方面填补了反问句行为研究的空白。

Rhetorical question is a kind of characteristic functional sentence in modern Chinese. The study of rhetorical question has been one of the hot topics in the field of linguistics, and has yielded fruitful results in grammar, semantics and pragmatics. However, researchers still disagree about some fundamental problems of rhetorical question, such as the core nature, internal structure and functional classification of rhetorical questions. How to break through the bottleneck of current research, how to realize the organic combination of the situation, syntax and function in rhetorical question teaching are the outstanding problems that the rhetorical question research face. The study of rhetorical questions still needs new methods and ideas. This paper attempts to study the constitutive rules and illocutionary acts of modern Chinese rhetorical questions in the perspective of Speech acts. The hypothesis of this study is that speech acts theory can help us to solve the problems of qualitative problem, classification problem and how rhetorical question is used in Chinese people’s daily life. Therefore, this paper, established in the felicity conditions of speech acts, the indirect speech acts theory and the speech acts classification standard and the classification results in speech acts theory, carry on the qualitative and the illocutionary acts classification research to the rhetorical question. Then, starting from a large number of corpus analysis, this paper investigates the illocutionary acts of rhetorical questions in the two situations of dialogue and narration, as well as the framework and grammatical methods of these illocutionary acts, thus enriching and perfecting the illocutionary acts study of rhetorical questions. This paper suggests that rhetorical question acts are implemented by rhetorical questions. The following four conditions are required for the smooth generation and implementation of rhetorical question acts, thus form the constitutive rules of rhetorical question acts: Propositional content condition, Preparatory condition, Sincerity condition and Essential condition. According to these four conditions, the pragmatic features of the typical rhetorical questions can be identified and differentiated from the questioning and irony. At the same time, more or less violations of the above four conditions are considered to be atypical rhetorical questions. The paper analyzed three kinds of atypical rhetorical questions: the indirect rhetorical question, the hesitant rhetorical question and the mendacious rhetorical question. The typical rhetorical question and the atypical rhetorical question form the category of rhetorical question. The literal meaning of rhetorical question is opposite to propositional meaning and functional meaning, which determines the indirect behaviorness of rhetorical question. In our opinion, indirect behaviorness is an important feature of rhetorical question, which is different from declarative sentence, exclamatory sentence and imperative sentence, and it also shows that the generation and use of rhetorical question are in accordance with politeness principle. In our opinion, although the functions of rhetorical questions are changeable, they can be categorized into four rhetorical question acts: rhetorical question - assertives, rhetorical question - directives, rhetorical question - behabitives, rhetorical question - expressives. These four illocutionary acts are indirect speech acts. Rhetorical question - assertive act is indirectly confirming, evaluating and emphasizing the authenticity of propositional content expressed in the rhetorical question. The main point of the act of the rhetorical question -directive is to indirectly request, order, or prevent the hearer from doing something. Rhetorical question - behabitive act is to express his rational attitude indirectly to something or some claims. Rhetorical question – expressive act is to express indirectly the emotional state caused by external things. The behavior classification of rhetorical questions helps us to integrate similar functions and find common characteristics of these functions. Based on the corpus analysis, this paper analyzes the implementation of all kinds of rhetorical questions acts in the dialogue and the narration circumstances, and makes a study of the combination of the main frameworks and the grammatical marking methods, and draws the following conclusions: 1. In both situations, the implementation of a rhetorical question is mainly a rhetorical question - assertive act. The second is rhetorical question – behabitive act and the third is rhetorical questions - expressive act. Rhetorical Questions - directive act occurs only in the context of the conversation, and is small in number. 2. In both situations, the smooth implementation of rhetorical acts requires the cooperation of other auxiliary speech acts. These auxiliary speech acts mainly function as direct statement or direct explanation of the attitude and emotion, describing the relevant situation, enumeration of the behavior reasons, the assumption of behavior conditions, the explanation of behavior result or the conclusion. 3. In different situations, the frameworks and the pragmatic functions of rhetorical question act are different. This difference stems from different language styles. 4. In both situations, the grammatical marking methods of rhetorical question acts are basically the same. It mainly include interrogative patterns, certain fixed structures of questions, performative verbs, modal verbs, adverbs, modal particles and special markers. The difference between the few grammatical markers is mainly caused by the stylistic differences between spoken and written language. This paper makes a new exposition of the essential character and prototype category of rhetorical question from the angle of felicity conditions and constitutive rules, and fills the blank of rhetorical question acts research from the classification of the illocutionary acts of rhetorical question and the frameworks of rhetorical question acts and the means of grammatical marking.