沈从文的一生，著述浩繁，作《沈从文全集》32卷，1000多万字。沈从文笔下的艺术世界以其独特的思想特质吸引着大批的读者和研究者，他的小说创作主要有两类，一种是以湘西生话为题材，通过描写湘西人原始、自然的生命形式，赞美人性美。一种是以都市生活为题材，通过都市生活的腐化堕落，揭示都市自然人性的丧失，流露出缺少人间温暖的孤独者的人生叹息。本文力图将目标框定在沈从文刻画的湘西世界中，通过沈从文的具体作品中来描述湘西世界里的现代文明与传统文明，并真实展现湘西在历史变迁中两种文明的剧烈碰撞以及产生的影响，以及沈从文关于融合两种文明的优点来重造湘西和民族的思想，为沈从文研究提供有价值的信息。第一部分“沈从文湘西世界里的两种文明”分别描述了沈从文在湘西世界里展现出的传统文明与现代文明。沈从文笔下蕴含着传统文明的湘西远离世俗、风景优美、民风淳朴，体现出至美至善至真的风情。同时，随着时代的进步，湘西也开始走向了现代化，呈现出现代文明的一面，此时的湘西走向了传统与现代的杂糅。第二部分“两种文明的激烈碰撞及影响”主要描写现代文明进入湘西世界后，与湘西原有的传统文明发生了剧烈的碰撞，并对湘西原有政治经济秩序造成混乱，同时也对千百年来边民所保有的质朴、淳厚、正直、真诚等民风世情造成强烈地冲击。沈从文对此感到彻骨透心的痛楚，他深深担忧湘西的未来，由此将目光焦灼在社会现实上，创作风格发生转变。第三部分“两种文明的艰难融合”重点阐释面对传统文明与现代文明的艰难抉择，沈从文立足于湘西的实际情况，把握湘西的地方特点，提出融合两种文明的优点来重造湘西，重造中华民族。

Shen Congwen had published a large quantity of literature in his life. He had written “The complete works of Shen Congwen”, which has 32 volumes, more than 10 million words. Shen Congwen’s works are mainly two types, one is about the original、natural、beautiful Xiangxi world, the other is the theme of urban life, describing the corruption of urban life and the loss of natural. This paper focuses on The Xiangxi world, mainly describes the modern civilization and traditional civilization in The Xiangxi word, shows the fierce collision between two civilizations and the thought of fuse the advantages of two civilizations to remake the nation’s ideas.The first chapter focuses on the beautiful、true and national Xiangxi which is full of traditional civilization. Meanwhile, with the progress of time, Xiangxi starting the modernization process, showing a side of modern civilization, walking toward the traditional and modern hybridist. The second chapter mainly describes when modern civilization into the Xiangxi world, causing confusion to local political and economic order, but also changed the quality of the local people. For that, Shen Congwen changed his writing style.The third chapter discusses a tough choice between two civilizations. Based on the actual situation of local and regional characteristics, Shen Congwen proposed integration of the advantages of the two kinds of civilization to re-create Xiangxi and nation.