土客关系是传统中国乡村社会关系的重要一维，土客矛盾是传统中国社会长期普遍存在且以群体性、对抗性为主要特征的社会矛盾。土客社会身份并不必然以户籍为界，而是包含多种社会性意涵。土客关系主要由经济、政治两个领域构成：经济领域以土地竞争为中心，土著通过正式产权和非正式产权相结合的方式，实现了土地的产权覆盖并构建了土地的封锁线，由此造成移民向山泽地带的聚集以山泽租佃关系；在政治领域，国家的移民治理的以及土著社会主导的地方性实践共同构建了在政治制度（如户籍、科举等）和意识形态上对移民的排斥和吸纳并存的局面。经济上支配-从属/对抗-竞争与政治上吸纳-排斥并存的格局形塑了土客之间制度化、结构化的不平等体系，移民的土著化面临相当的困难，其社会适应向社群化和族群化发展。通过土客关系的研究，有助于丰富对传统中国乡村社会的理解，也有助于探讨王朝国家与地方社会的关系。

The relationship between the aborigines and immigrants is an important dimension of the traditional Chinese rural social relationship. The contradictions and conflicts between the aborigines and immigrants are social conflicts that have existed for a long time in traditional Chinese society and are mainly characterized by group and confrontation. The social identities of aborigines and immigrants are not necessarily limited by household registration, but contain various social connotations. The relationship between aboriginal people and immigrants is mainly composed of two fields: economy and politics: the economic field is centered on land competition, and the aboriginal people have realized the property rights coverage of land through the combination of formal property rights and informal property rights, forming a land The blockade of immigrants resulted in the accumulation of immigrants in the mountains and forests and the tenancy relationship mediated by the mountains and forests. In the political field, the country's immigration governance and local practices dominated by the aborigines society have jointly constructed a situation in which the exclusion and absorption of immigrants coexisted in the political system (such as household registration, imperial examinations, etc.) and ideology. The coexistence of domination-subordination/antagonism-competition in the economic sphere and absorption-exclusion in the political sphere has resulted in an institutionalized and structured system of inequality between Aborigines and immigrants. The transformation of immigrants into aboriginal people faces considerable difficulties, and the social adaptation of immigrants to the place of settlement develops towards communalization and ethnicity. Through the study of the relationship between the aborigines and immigrants, it will help to enrich the understanding of traditional Chinese rural society, and also help to explore the relationship between the dynastic state and local society.