随着马拉松运动在我国的蓬勃发展，利用跑步健身的人越来越多，健身跑已经渗透到越来越多人的日常生活，然而，许多健身跑者因为对跑步风险的认知不足，非但没有达到健身的目的，还导致严重的伤病和损失，影响日常学习、生活和工作，甚至给家庭经济和社会医疗增加了负担。因此，研究通过提高健身跑者跑步风险认知，进而改善跑步风险行为，降低跑步风险发生率，对于促进健身跑者在跑步中持续获益具有现实意义。

鉴于健身跑风险因素的复杂性和多样性，采用质性与量化相结合的研究方法，将扎根理论与因子分析相结合，构建了健身跑风险因素理论模型和健身跑者跑步风险认知评价模型，提取出5个因子，总体解释变异量为77.391%，题项共同度值介于0.664至0.879之间，通过方差分析、相关分析、回归分析、t检验等方法进行数理统计，健身跑者跑步风险认知与跑步风险行为之间的路径系数为-0.64，跑步风险行为与跑步伤病发生率之间的路径系数为0.44，跑步风险认知与跑步伤病发生率之间的路径系数为-0.23，通过教育行动研究验证了大中小学一体化跑步风险认知教育内容体系对于提高学生跑步风险认知水平的可行性和有效性。

经过理论探索和实践研究，得出以下主要结论：

第一，构建并验证了健身跑风险因素理论模型和健身跑者跑步风险认知评价模型。通过扎根理论的三级编码，构建了健身跑风险因素理论模型，达到理论饱和；通过因子分析构建并验证了健身跑者跑步风险认知评价模型，模型各项指标拟合良好；据此编制了包含5个维度和34个指标的健身跑者跑步风险认知评价量表，量表信度和效度检验良好，可以借此评估健身跑者跑步风险认知水平。

第二，健身跑者跑步风险认知水平整体偏低且存在差异。健身跑者对跑步风险的认知水平整体偏低，亟待提高，不同性别、年龄、跑龄、学历的健身跑者对跑步风险的认知水平均存在不同程度的显著差异。

第三，健身跑者跑步风险认知、跑步风险行为、跑步伤病发生率之间均存在相关关系。健身跑者跑步风险认知与跑步风险行为之间存在负向相关关系，跑步风险认知与跑步伤病发生率之间存在负向相关关系，跑步风险行为与跑步伤病发生率之间存在正向相关关系，既跑步风险认知水平越高，跑步风险行为越少，跑步伤病发生率越低；健身跑者对于跑步运动伤病的认知与康复行为之间存在正向相关关系，控制跑量在跑步运动伤病认知与伤病康复行为之间存在部分中介作用，既健身跑者对于跑步运动伤病的认知水平越高，越倾向于在伤病发生时主动控制跑量，继而采取积极的伤病康复行为。

第四，大中小学一体化跑步风险认知教育内容体系具有可行性和有效性。从初中到在职阶段，健身跑者跑步风险认知水平未能得到持续提高，反观学校体育教学中跑步风险认知教育存在的不足，是导致健身跑者跑步风险认知水平整体偏低且未能按阶段持续提高的重要因素，鉴于此，基于健身跑风险因素理论模型和风险认知评价模型，构建了大中小学一体化跑步风险认知教育内容体系，通过教育行动研究，验证了该体系在提高学生跑步风险认知水平中具有可行性和有效性，适合在不同学段分层递进开展教学，近期提高学生跑者跑步风险认知水平，远期提高社会跑者跑步风险认知水平。

第五，家校社共育模式利于全面提高健身跑者跑步风险认知水平。鉴于健身跑者多元化的跑步风险认知途径，建立学校、社会、家庭共育平台，利于促进优质教育成果在学校体育中的普及、在社会体育中的传播，在家庭体育中的互动，进而全面提高健身跑者跑步风险认知水平，改善跑步风险行为，降低跑步风险发生率。

在提高学校跑步风险认知教育水平、社会组织办赛水平、科技研发投入力度、跑步环境整治力度的同时，探索建立科学运动指导与精准医学监测相结合的跑步风险防护与保障体系，研发集成便携式的测试仪器，在学生体质健康测试和大众日常体检中增加与跑步风险相关的身体形态、机能、素质评估项目；培养集运动风险评估、安全运动指导、运动伤病康复于一体的复合型专业人才，输送到医疗、社区、赛事组织等机构；推动健身跑运动处方库的研发，探索运动处方进医院、入医保的路径，逐步实现运动有指导、风险有评估、伤有所治、病有所医的体医融合保障模式，促进健身跑运动在我国持续、健康、快速地发展。

With the vigorous development of marathons in China, more and more people use jogging to keep fit. Fitness jogging has penetrated more and more people's daily life. However, due to the lack of awareness of jogging risks, many joggers not only fail to achieve the purpose of fitness, but also lead to serious injuries and losses, which affect their daily study, life and work, and even increase the burden of family economy and social health care. Given this, it is of practical significance to improve the jogging risk cognition of joggers, improve the jogging risk behavior, and reduce the incidence of jogging risk.

Given the complexity and diversity of jogging risk factors, this paper uses qualitative and quantitative research methods, based on grounded theory and factor analysis, a theoretical model of jogging risk factors and a cognitive evaluation model of joggers' jogging risk were constructed, five factors were extracted, the overall explained variance was 77.391%, and the item common degree value was between 0.664 and 0.879. Through the analysis of variance, correlation analysis, regression analysis, t-test and other methods of mathematical statistics, the path coefficient between jogging risk cognition and jogging risk behavior of fitness runners is -0.64, the path coefficient between jogging risk behavior and jogging injury incidence is 0.44, and the path coefficient between jogging risk cognition and jogging injury incidence is -0.23, Through educational action research, the feasibility and effectiveness of the integration of jogging risk awareness education content system in primary, middle and primary schools for improving students' jogging risk awareness level are verified. After theoretical exploration and practical research, the main conclusions are as follows:

First, it constructs and verifies the theoretical model of fitness jogging risk factors and the cognitive evaluation model of joggers' jogging risk. Based on the three-level coding of grounded theory, the theoretical model of risk factors of fitness jogging is constructed to achieve theoretical saturation; Through factor analysis, the jogging risk cognitive evaluation model of joggers is constructed and verified, and the indicators of the model fit well. Based on this, the jogging risk cognitive evaluation scale of joggers is compiled, which contains 5 dimensions and 34 indicators, the reliability, and validity of the scale are good, which can be used to evaluate the cognitive level of jogging risk of joggers.

Second, the overall level of jogging risk cognition of joggers is low and there are differences. The cognitive level of jogging risk of joggers is low as a whole, which needs to be improved. There are significant differences in different degrees among different gender, ages, jogging ages, and educational backgrounds of joggers.

Thirdly, there is a correlation between jogging risk cognition, jogging risk behavior, and the incidence of jogging injuries. There is a negative correlation between jogging risk cognition and jogging risk behavior, a negative correlation between jogging risk cognition and the incidence of jogging injuries, and a positive correlation between jogging risk behavior and the incidence of jogging injuries. The higher the level of jogging risk cognition, the less the risk behavior, the lower the incidence of jogging injuries. There is a positive correlation between joggers' cognition of jogging injuries and their rehabilitation behavior, there is a partial mediating effect between the cognition of jogging injury and the rehabilitation behavior. The higher the cognitive level of jogging injury, the more likely the joggers are to take the initiative to control the amount of jogging when the injury occurs, and then take the active rehabilitation behavior.

Fourth, the integrated content system of jogging risk awareness education in primary and secondary schools is feasible and effective. From junior high school to the on-the-job stage, the jogging risk cognitive level of joggers has not been continuously improved. On the contrary, the deficiency of jogging risk cognitive education in school physical education teaching is an important factor that leads to the overall low level of jogging risk cognitive level of joggers and fails to be continuously improved by stages. Given this, based on the theoretical model of risk factors and risk cognitive evaluation model of fitness jogging, this paper constructs an integrated content system of jogging risk cognitive education in primary, middle and primary schools. Through educational action research, it verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the system in improving students' jogging risk cognitive level, which is suitable for hierarchical and progressive teaching in different stage, improves the students' jogging risk cognition level in the near future, and improve the social runners' jogging risk cognition level in the long term.

Fifthly, the home school community co-education model is conducive to comprehensively improve the jogging risk awareness level of joggers. Given the diversified ways of jogging risk cognition of joggers, the establishment of school, society and family education platform is conducive to promoting the popularization of high-quality education achievements in school sports, the dissemination in social sports, and the interaction in family sports, to comprehensively improve the level of jogging risk cognition of joggers, improve jogging risk behavior, and reduce the incidence of jogging risk.

While improving the level of school jogging risk awareness education, the level of social organization, the investment in scientific research and invention, and the strength of jogging environment improvement, explore the establishment of a jogging risk protection and guarantee system combining scientific sports guidance and precision medical monitoring, develop integrated portable test instruments, increase the body shape, function and quality assessment items related to jogging risk in students' physical health test and public daily physical examination; it is necessary to cultivate compound professional talents integrating sports risk assessment, safety sports guidance and sports injury rehabilitation, and transport them to medical, community, event organization and other institutions; promote the research and development of fitness jogging prescription library, explore the path of sports prescription into the hospital and medical insurance, and gradually realize the sports guidance, risk assessment, injury treatment and medical treatment of the integration of sports and medical security mode, so as to promote the sustainable, healthy and rapid development of fitness jogging in China.