传统的地质信息模拟与表达方式主要有两种：一是采用平面图和剖面图进行表达（如底板等高线图、采掘工程平面图、地质剖面图、钻孔剖面图等），其实质是将三维地质环境中地层、地质体与地质现象投影到某个二维平面（XY平面、XZ平面或YZ平面）上进行表达；二是采用透视投影原理，将三维地质环境中的地层、地质体与地质现象进行透视制图，或投影到两个以上的平面上进行组合表达，以增强三维视觉效果，便于用户理解和想象。上述两种方式均存在空间信息的损失与失真问题，而且制图过程繁杂，信息更新困难，难以满足现代大型、复杂工程的需要。为了解决上述问题本次研究计划以OpenGL为三维渲染引擎开发一个三维地理信息系统（3DGIS），该系统的主旨是针对目前地质信息模拟与表达方法的不足和缺陷，借助于计算机和科学可视化技术，直接从三维空间的角度、以数字化的形式去理解、表达和再现地质体与地质环境。为实现这一目标，本次研究以新疆阿希特大型金矿为实例，依据三维地理信息系统（3DGIS）的设计标准，研究开发了一套地质构造三维模拟系统软件，在该软件中笔者建立了一整套适合三维建模和三维空间计算以及数据存储调用的三维数据结构，实现了一系列原始图件注册、钻孔信息录入以及在经过入库整理的原始数据的基础上，进行三维构造建模的一系列模型录入编辑功能，并采用TIN表面矢量模型对地下地质构造进行表达和分析计算。本文对三维地理信息系统的框架设计、三维实体的数据结构设计、三维空间分析、属性分析以及三维实体的渲染表达进行了比较全面的讨论，并且详细叙述了本次研究的方法和成果。

Traditionally, there are two main kinds of way to simulate and express geological information: the first, using plane figure and section system (such as the baseplate line chart, the mining operation plane figure, the geological section system and the hole section system, etc. of), its essence is to express the three-dimension stratum, geological entity and geological phenomenon by projection on a certain tow-dimension level (XY level , XZ level or YZ level );the second, using perspective projection principle, to perspective geological entity and geological phenomenon and make maps stratum, or to project them to two or more levels to make up expressing, in order to strengthen the three-dimensional visual effect, and make them convenient for user to understand and imagine. However, all of these two above-mentioned ways have the defect of loss space information; on the other hand, these courses are difficulty to make maps and to update geological information, it is difficult to meet modern large-scale and complicated project’s needs. In order to solve above-mentioned problems, this study take OpenGL as the three-dimension rendering engine to develop a three-dimensional geographical information system (3DGIS ) ,the purport of this system is directly against the deficiency of geological information simulation and expression at present, with the aid of the computer and visual technology , to rebuild and express the geological entity and geological environment in terms of three-dimensional space , in the form of digitization directly.For this goal, this research has taken the Xinjiang AXI super-huge gold mine as the instance , in accordance with the design standard of the three-dimension geographical information system (3DGIS), developed a set of three-dimension geological construction simulation software, in this software, we have set up a set of datum structure which is suitable for three-dimensional modeling and space calculating and storing datum, realized a series of primitive map registration and drilling information input ,and on the basis of these material, to process a series of three-dimension constructing model inputting and editing function, and adopted TIN surface vector model to express and analyse the underground geological structure. This paper has carried on an overall discussion about the frame of the three-dimension geographical information system, the datum structure, the space and attributes analysis and the expression of 3D entity, and has made a description of the method and achievement of this research in detail.