《普通高中地理课程标准》明确强调要加强地理实践，推动课程多样化发展。长期以来我国的中学地理教学较为局限于教室课堂，新课标倡导教师带学生走出教室，走到野外帮助学生置身于真实情境分析解决实际问题。

地理学科是一门与生活联系紧密的学科，具有很强的实践性，如何培养学生地理实践力是当下中学地理教育的热点话题。野外实践课程的开发不仅有利于学生地理核心素养特别是地理实践力的培养，还有利于培养学生的乡土情怀、提高教师的专业能力、为地方性课程、校本课程等开发提供参考。

本文通过阅读梳理大量的文献、书籍，发现国内外学者一致认为乡土资源、地理实践课程对学生实践能力的提高具有非常显著的作用，长期以来以英美等为代表的西方国家有关乡土资源、地理实践课程的研究起步较早且重视程度高，国内对乡土资源、地理实践课程的研究起步较晚尚处于初期探索阶段但发展较快，乡土资源在室内课堂教学运用研究比较广泛，乡土资源在户外地理野外实践课程开发方面还有较大的研究空间。在问卷调查中发现基于乡土资源的高中地理野外实践课程开发不仅是符合新课程理念要求的，也是广大一线教师所迫切需要的。但囿于师生前往野外考察的机会不足、教师课程开发能力有限、安全问题、缺乏交流合作与范例参照等诸多因素，仍未普遍推进。

由于教师在实际进行实践课程开发遇到种种障碍，笔者所在的郑州市基于乡土资源的高中地理野外实践课程的开发存在较大空缺。在文献梳理、问卷调查后，依据本文所确立的选取乡土资源应具代表性、重视课程资源与教学核心的融合、突出教师主导与学生主体、课程评价应鼓励多元化四个原则，在课标分析解读的基础上、为落实地理核心素养笔者开发了《郑州外国语学校校园三大类常见岩石观察》、《郑州外国语学校河流地貌模拟实验》两个校园实践课程和《郑州黄河文化公园地貌土壤综合实践》、《郑州高新区中心广场公共空间利用的可持续发展》、《郑州太古可口可乐工厂综合实践》三个校外实践课程范例，开展了教学实践，就校园实践课程和校外实践课程各自的优势、限制、适合模块以及适合学段进行了对比分析，并就已开发课程的实施状况给出了进一步野外实践课程开发与实施建议，希望为一线地理教师和地理教育研究者开发基于乡土资源的高中地理野外实践课程提供参考。

The curriculum Standards of Geography for senior high schools clearly emphasize the need to strengthen geography practice and promote the diversified development of curriculum. For a long time, middle school geography teaching in China has been limited to the classroom. The new curriculum standard advocates that teachers take students out of the classroom and go to the field to help students put themselves in the real situation to analyze and solve practical problems.

Geography is a subject closely related to life and has strong practicability. How to train students' practical ability in geography is a hot topic in middle school geography education. The development of field practice course is conducive to the cultivation of students' local feelings, improve teachers' professional ability, and provide reference for the development of local curriculum and school-based curriculum.

Through reading and combing a large number of literature and books, this paper finds that scholars at home and abroad agree that local resources and geography practice courses play a very significant role in improving students' practical ability. For a long time, Western countries represented by Britain and the United States have started the research on local resources and geography practice courses earlier and paid high attention to them. Domestic research on local resources and geography practice courses started relatively late and is still in the initial stage of exploration, but it is developing rapidly. The research on the application of local resources in indoor classroom teaching is relatively extensive, and there is still a large research space for the development of outdoor geography practice courses. In the questionnaire survey, it is found that the development of high school geography field practice curriculum based on local resources is not only in line with the requirements of the new curriculum concept, but also urgently needed by the majority of front-line teachers. However, due to many factors such as insufficient opportunities for teachers and students to go to the field, limited curriculum development ability of teachers, safety problems, lack of communication and cooperation and example reference, it has not been widely promoted.

Due to the obstacles encountered by teachers in the development of practical courses, there is a large gap in the development of geography field practice courses based on local resources in Zhengzhou, where the author is located. After literature review and questionnaire survey, according to the four principles established in this paper, the selection of local resources should be representative, emphasis on the integration of curriculum resources and teaching core, emphasis on teacher-led and student-dominated, and curriculum evaluation should encourage diversification. On the basis of the analysis and interpretation of the curriculum standards, in order to implement the core quality of geography, the author developed two campus practice courses, "Observation of Three Common types of Rocks on the campus of Zhengzhou Foreign Language School" and "Simulation Experiment of River Landform in Zhengzhou Foreign Language School", "Comprehensive Practice of Landform and soil in Zhengzhou Yellow River Cultural Park", "Sustainable Development of public Space Utilization of Central Square in Zhengzhou High-tech Zone" and "Pioneering and Innovation" Three examples of off-campus practice courses, Comprehensive Practice of Zhengzhou Taikoo Coca-Cola Factory, are carried out teaching practice, and the advantages, limitations, suitable modules and suitable learning segments of campus practice courses and off-campus practice courses are compared and analyzed, and further suggestions for the development and implementation of field practice courses are given on the implementation status of the developed courses. This paper hopes to provide reference for the first-line geography teachers and geography education researchers to develop geography field practice courses based on local resources.