清末教育改革是清政府实施“新政”的重要内容之一。这次改革废除了科举制度，确立了中国近代第一个学制，兴办了一大批新式学堂，成效显著。本文以清末中学堂的学生管理系统为研究对象，探讨其实施的状况和历史特点，力图从中国近代社会转型和历史发展的大背景下考察政策的制订与实际执行之间相互影响的关系，揭示其客观规律，为今天的教育实践提供某些借鉴。本文分为绪论、正文、结语三个部分。第一章主要论述清末中学堂兴起的时代背景和发展概况。从中国近代社会变迁分析晚清教育的变革，揭示教育变革中新式学堂出现的原因及中学堂发展的概况，其中科举制度的废除是“新政”时期中学堂发展的一个重要因素。第二章主要分析清末中学堂学生管理的实际状况。首先从整体上分析中学堂的管理体制，然后从三个方面分别论述清末中学堂对学生思想及行为、学生学习和学生生活的管理状况。每一方面在分析国家对学生管理政策演变的同时，注意考查各地中学堂实际执行管理的情形，同时关注作为被管理者的学生接受管理的状况。笔者认为，清末中学堂的学生管理注重制度建设，以考试为手段将对学生管理的各环节有机组合起来，在一定程度上提高了管理的质量，但这种做法所带来的负面影响也不容忽视。第三章是在前两章基础上论述清末中学堂学生管理的特点和影响。清末中学堂的学生管理新旧并存，具有较强的过渡色彩。与传统书院管理相比，清末中学堂对学生的管理制度日益完善、日趋规范，在一定程度上促进了近代教育的发展。但其在追求规范化的同时，对学生的管理又显得过于严格，冷冰冰而缺少人文关怀，从而激起学生的不断反抗，这也是清末学潮不断的一个动因。另外，由于清末中学堂的学生管理具有较强的移植性，导致了其在执行过程中困难重重，严重影响了管理的质量。

In the late Qing Dynasty, the educational reform, which established the first educational system of mordern times, abolished the imperial examination system and initiated a number of new schools, thus producing a marked effect, was one of the important contents to implement new policies. This paper is intended for the middle school which rose in the late Qing dynasty,delving into the situation and the characteristics of student management of middle school, trying to analyse the actual situation of student management of middle school from the background of modern Chinese society and historical development and inspecting the relation between the policy formulation and the actual implementation to afford us lessons in today's students management while revealing the historical facts. This article consists of three parts, the introduction, the main text, and the conclusion. It contains four chapters.The first chapter mainly describes the time background and the development situation of the school emerging in the late Qing dynasty. It analyses the educational change of the late Qing dynasty from the social changes of morden China, revealing the reason why the new school appeared and the situation of school development. The abolishment of the imperial examination system was a major factor of school development during the new policies. The second chapter mainly analyses the actual condition of student management. First it sizes up the management system of middle school on the whole, and then separately elaborates from three aspects on how it managed the students’ thought , behavior, learning and life.While introducing the evolution of the policies which were used to manage students, the paper takes care to investigate the actual management situation of different schools and the students’condition. The author believes that at the end of the Qing Dynasty the school took score as a core and combined every link to students management by means of rewards and punishment, thus enhancing the management validity to a certain extent, but the negative influence it brought also allows of no neglectment.The third chapter based on the analysis of the first two chapters talks about the characteristics and effects of middle school student management in the end of the Qing Dynasty. In the end of the Qing Dynasty the new and the old system of student manegement existed side by side, having stronger transition color. Compared with the traditional academy management, the student management system of middle school were being perfected and standardized, which to some extent promoted the development of modern education. But in the pursuit of standardization, the management was too strict, cold and lack of human concern, therefore, it aroused students to resist. That was also a reason for continuous student unrest towards the Qing Dynasty. In addition, the student management adapted as leaded to great difficulty in the implementation so that it seriously affected the management quality.