校长在学校管理运行扮演着重要的角色。与此同时，由于校长工作本身接触人群的复杂性以及学校管理方式的不断变革，校长身上的负担日益加重，校长自身的工作状态值得关注。本研究通过对94位小学校长的问卷调查，对三位校长进行了半结构访谈，结合文献梳理结果，探寻了小学校长工作压力的群体差异，经过综合分析和讨论，得到以下结论： 1.小学校长存在中等程度的工作压力。在工作压力来源方面，校园安全问题、教育主管领导的干涉、工作负担三方面是校长工作压力的重要来源。 2.小学校长工作压力在部分分类上存在显著性群体差异。在性别方面，男校长的工作压力明显高于女校长；在任职时间方面，校长的工作压力呈现“U”字形，在任职初期和任职后期压力较大，而在中间时期压力相对较小；在职务方面，正副校长的工作压力存在显著性差异，副校长的工作压力更大，更容易出现挫折感、疲倦感，在职位晋升方面所感知到的压力也显著高于正校长；在学校层次方面，示范校与非示范校校长工作压力的差异达到了显著性水平，非示范校校长工作压力的更大；在学校规模方面，学校规模与校长工作压力呈现低度负相关关系，即学校规模越大，校长压力越小。 3.不同类别校长的工作压力在年龄、学历、学校类别、学校所在地方面不存在显著性差异。但从均值上看，40岁以下的校长的压力要远高于其它年龄段，乡镇校长在办学资源方面工作压力的均值明显高于城市校长。

The headmaster plays an important role in school management. At the same time, because of the complexity of the principal work to contact with crowd and constant changes of school management methods, the principals need to undertake more and more burdens, so more attentions should be paid to the headmaster’s working conditions. Based on questionnaire survey to nearly 94 elementary school principals and data about job stress obtained by semi-structured interview with three elementary school principals, this research explores the groups differences of work pressure among elementary school principals. According to the literature review results, and the comprehensive discussion and analysis, the conclusions follow: 1.Elementary school principals undertake medium degree of work pressure. In terms of work stress source, campus safety problems, interference from education manager and the workload remain three important sources for the principal stress at work. 2.There are significant group differences among elementary school principal stress. In terms of gender, headmaster undertakes significantly more work stress than the headmistress. In terms of time in office, the working pressure of president presents the "U" glyph--more tenure pressure in the early and late period while relatively less in the middle period. In terms of position, work stress between principal and vice-principal has significant difference, because vice-president undertakes more working pressure and gets more prone to frustration and fatigue. In terms of school level, differences of working pressure between principals from model schools and non-model schools remain huge, principals from non-model schools undertake greater stress at work. In terms of school size, school size remains negative correlation relation with the principal stress. The bigger the school size is, the less stress the principal undertakes. 3.In terms of age, educational background, school classes and the school location, there are no significant differences about work pressure. But on average, 40 years old of the following principal stress is much higher than that of other age groups, the stress in the school resources of the principal from the country was obviously higher than that of the city principal.