当前，中国与非洲关系问题既是中国国内的时政热点又是国际社会普遍关注的国际热点。而中国对非洲援助问题在国际关系中是典型的国际政治经济学现象，故对非援助问题就兼具了政治和经济双重意义。然而，在当今的国际社会上，对于中国对非洲援助出现了误解的倾向，有些西方国家提出所谓的“新殖民主义”论调，有关的国际多边援助机构也对中国对非洲政策产生质疑，认为中国“无条件式”的援助行为会进一步恶化非洲国家的经济现状。因此，本文选题主要基于三个目的：一是为了澄清各方认识，回应“新殖民主义”的论调以及国际多边援助机构的质疑；二是为正确的开展对非援助提供理论支持，引入“中国援助理念”；三是寻求非洲受援国发展模式的可持续化，对中国援非实践进行介绍，同时进行理性反思。 本文主要运用了四种分析方法，它们分别是历史学方法、比较分析法、归纳-演绎法以及理论分析研究法。全文共四个部分：第一部分引入了国际援助的概念，分析了国际援助发展特征以及援助对受援国和东道国的影响，同时，对目前理想主义、现实主义和激进主义援助观进行特点描述，而其中重点讲述了“中国式援助观”的概念；第二部分主要介绍了中国对非洲援助的历史和现状发展，对其中的新特点加以重点讲述；第三部分分析了中国对非援助理念与西方社会的差异，从中国援非效果方面回应西方国家的攻讦和国际多边援助组织对中国援非政策的质疑；第四部分重点讲述了如何构建对非援助的可持续发展机制，国际社会应该摒除成见，共同合作，探讨有效的援非模式，同时，非洲国家应当从自身着手，利用外援搞好国内建设，真正实现脱贫并走向富裕之路。 总而言之，中国对非洲援助问题，在当今国际社会中是关乎政治、经济、外交以及文化的复杂性问题，和平发展中的中国需要向国际社会阐明自身援助立场，正视来自国际社会的多方攻讦与疑问，以自身一贯的对外援助理念与国际社会达到增信释疑的作用，因此，我们需要反思中国的援非政策，总结对非援助效果，真正把援非工作的效果发挥到最大化，实现对非援助的可持续发展。

At present time, the relationship between China and Africa has become a hot topic both at home and abroad. And in modern society, the International aid from China to Africa is a typical phenomenon in the field of International Politics and Economics, so the aid to Africa has double Significance without any doubts, which is about the politics and the economics. However, Some western countries use the word “Neo-Colonialism” to explain the Chinese International Aid Policies to Africa and some International multilateral aid agencies have deeply doubts about our Aid measures, Maybe on purpose, maybe or not, they said “the unconditional aid policies of china” will deteriorate the present economic development condition of Africa. So, under the background, I try to solve three problems through the article, Firstly, to clear our standpoint and Response to “new-colonialism” view as well as the doubts from International multilateral aid Organizations; Secondly, explain the Chinese International aid polices to Africa; Thirdly, Find out the sustainable development aid system for Africa development and rationally reconsider it. Four research methods are included in this essay: history technique, comparison analysis, deductive as well as theoretical analysis methodology. And there are four parts in the article, The first part is mainly about the definition of International Aid, the characteristics, the process to development and the influence to the host and receiving country included, meantime, from this part, you will clearly understand the Idealism, Realism and Radicalism views about International Aid. The second part mainly introduced Chinese Aid history and present situation to Africa. The third one explain the policy difference between China and the western world and the last part will tell us how to find out the sustainable development model for Africa, the Africa itself, the International society and china must cooperate with each other and find a way for further. All in all, the aid policy of China to Africa is not only related to politics and economics, but also to the diplomacy and culture. In order to get the peaceful development environment, China government must introduce our standpoint in International aid and make the International society understand it, at the same time, we also need to reconsider the policies to Africa and conclude the positive results of aid and find some ways to realize the sustainable development to Africa aid.