由于需要平衡生理身体、认知以及自我意识的迅速变化、适应不断扩展的社会关系网络以及承担新增的个人权利和责任，青春期的青少年面临巨大的挑战。家庭是青少年出生后最早接触的生活环境，也是与个体终生密切联系的重要发展港湾，因此父母的教养行为在青少年能否成功度过这一发展阶段、实现身心的成熟上发挥着举足轻重的作用。如果父母可以为青少年的发展提供合适的支持和帮助，比如聆听他们的心声、理解他们的想法、支持他们的自我意志，将极大提高他们安全度过青春期的机会，并且可以有效提升他们的自尊和幸福感。如果父母逆青春期的发展规律而行，企图控制青少年孩子，则会引发一系列发展问题，比如具有防御性和攻击性的逆反心理和行为。青少年的逆反心理和行为如果不加以控制和教育会引发更严重的后果如犯罪、滥用毒品和反社会行为等。因此，青少年逆反心理的形成逐渐引起教育心理学研究者的关注，作为监护者的父母的教养方式和行为是相关研究的重点。 研究者们从不同角度和需要入手对父母教养方式有不同的维度划分，在本研究中我将关注与青少年自主发展关系最密切的维度——父母的心理控制纬度。父母心理控制是父母对儿童的条件性的认可态度的表现，更具体地说，涉及父母的一系列侵入性育儿策略，以使孩子在父母认可的方式下思考，行为或感受。心理控制的父母依靠侵略性和操纵性策略，如诱导内疚，失望，羞辱，孤立，人身攻击和撤回爱，以使他们的孩子符合他们的期望，并改变孩子的意见，情绪和思维模式。近年来已有研究发现父母的心理控制会使青少年认为他们的父母并不支持他们的想法、情感和选择，这会令他们感到沮丧和焦虑。进一步如果父母过度要求孩子成就和完美从而使青少年自主的渴望受到威胁并被迫依赖父母时，他们会最大化与父母的距离，并且通过参与对立的和违规的行为来拒绝父母的权威。因此，父母的心理控制可能是引发青少年逆反心理的原因之一。 近来，研究者将父母心理控制细化为父母依赖导向的心理控制和成就导向的心理控制，分别针对青少年发展的人际关系范畴和成就范畴，而关于这两个维度和青少年逆反心理之间的特殊关系还缺乏相关研究。因此，本研究将从父母心理控制的这两个维度入手，采用Bart等人编制的，邓衍鹤等人在2017年刚刚翻译修订的《父母心理控制量表》（Dependency-Oriented and Achievement- Oriented Psychological Control Scale, DAPCS）来测量这两个维度。青少年的逆反心理将采用曹钧修订的“Hong”氏逆反心理量表(Hong Psychological Reactance Scale, HPRS)来进行测量。 本研究采用简单随机抽样法从北京市某初中抽取350名学生作为施测对象，以班级为单位发放问卷，共收回问卷341份。对青少年逆反心理以及父母心理控制的特点进行t检验和方差分析，对青少年父母心理控制和青少年逆反心理之间的关系进行相关分析。最后为进一步厘清父母心理控制各纬度对青少年逆反心理的影响，对父母心理控制四个维度和青少年逆反心理进行了回归分析。主要得出以下结论： 第一， 青少年父母心理控制强度受父母受教育水平和家庭生活水平的影响。 第二， 青少年父母心理控制和青少年逆反心理之间存在正相关关系，其中父亲成就导向的心理控制和母亲成就导向的心理控制和青少年逆反心理之间的相关性最强。 第三， 父亲依赖导向心理控制和母亲成就导向心理控制对青少年逆反心理有较大的正向预测趋势，而其他两个因子对逆反心理的预测作用不显著，故在回归方程中予以剔除。

As a result of the need to balance the rapid changes in physiology, body, cognition, and self-awareness, to adapt to an ever-expanding social network, and to assume new individual rights and responsibilities, adolescents face enormous challenges. Family is the earliest living environment for adolescents after they are born, and it is also an important developmental bay that is closely linked with an individual's lifetime. Therefore, parents' parenting behavior plays a decisive role in whether adolescents can successfully achieve this stage of development and achieve physical and mental maturity. If parents can provide appropriate support and assistance for their adolescents’ development, such as listening to their voices, understanding their ideas, and supporting their self-will, they will greatly increase their kids’ chances to pass through puberty safely and can effectively improve their self-esteem and happiness. On the contrary, if parents go against the law of adolescence, attempting to control young children, such behavior will lead to a series of developmental problems, such as oppositional defiance and aggressive rebellion. Adolescent with psychological reactance can cause more serious consequences such as crime, drug abuse and anti-social behavior if they are not educated appropriately. Therefore, the formation of adolescents' psychological reactance has gradually attracted the attention of educational psychology researchers and the parenting styles and behaviors of parents who are major guardians are the focus of relevant research. From different angles and needs, researchers have set up different dimensions of parental rearing patterns. In this study, I will pay attention to dimension that is most closely related to the development of adolescents’ autonomy- the psychological control latitudes of parenting. Parental psychological control is a manifestation of the parent's conditional recognition of the child, and more specifically, is a series of intrusive parenting strategies in order to enable the child to think, act or feel in a parent-approved manner. Psychological controlling parenting relies on aggressive and manipulative strategies such as inducing guilt, disappointment, humiliation, isolation, personal attacks and love withdrawal to make their children meet their expectations and change the child's opinions, emotions, and modes of thinking. In recent years, researchers have found that parents’ psychological control will make young people think that their parents do not support their thoughts, feelings and choices, which will make them feel depressed and anxious. Further, if parents excessively demand their children’s success and perfection so that adolescents' autonomous aspirations are threatened and they are forced to rely on their parents, they will maximize their distance from their parents and reject parental authority by participating in opposing and irregular behaviors. Therefore, the psychological control of parents may be one of the causes of adolescents’ psychological reactance. Recently, researchers have refined parental psychological control into parental dependency-orientated psychological control and achievement-oriented psychological control, focusing on the areas of interpersonal relationships and achievement categories of adolescents’ development, respectively. However, there is still a lack of relevant research on the relationship between the two dimensions and adolescents' psychological reactance. Therefore, this study will start with the two dimensions of parental psychological control, using the Bart et al.'s “Dependency-Oriented and Achievement-Oriented Psychological Control” scale, which was translated and revised in 2017 by Deng Yanhe and others, to measure these two dimensions. The psychological reactance of adolescents will be measured using Cao Yu's revised "Hong" Psychological Reactance Scale. In this study, a simple random sampling method was used and I collected 350 students from a junior high school in Beijing as test objects, and questionnaires were sent out in class units. A total of 341 questionnaires were retrieved in the end. The t-test and analysis of variance were conducted to evaluate the characteristics of adolescents' psychological reactance and parental psychological control. The relationship between parents' psychological control and adolescent psychological reactance was analyzed using correlation analysis. Finally, in order to further elucidate the influence of parents' psychological control on adolescents' psychological reactance at different latitudes, a regression analysis was conducted on the four dimensions of parental psychological control and adolescent psychological reactance. The main conclusions are as follows: First, the intensity of parents’ psychological control on adolescent is affected by parents’ education level and the level of family living standard. Second, there are positive correlations between parent’ s psychological control of adolescent and adolescent’s psychological reactance. Among them, father-achievement-oriented psychological control and mother-achievement-oriented psychological control has the strongest relationship with adolescent psychological reactance. Third, the father-dependency-oriented psychological control and mother-achievement-oriented psychological control have greater positive predictive trends for adolescent psychological reactance, while the other two factors have no significant prediction of psychological reactance and are therefore excluded from the regression equation.