随着全球经济一体化和我国改革开放进程不断深化，我国与其他国家地区之间的人流、

物流、信息流等跨国流动日益频繁，尤其是“一带一路”国家发展战略实施以来，中国沿海

地区开发步入高速发展阶段，海港在现代国际贸易和运输系统中的战略地位持续凸显，船舶出入境通关效率逐渐成为衡量经济发展水平和国际竞争能力的重要指标，这无疑对边检机关的管理能力水平提出了更高的要求。由于船舶在出入境过程中涉及到不同类别且专业性较强的业务，因此会牵扯到边检机关、地方政府、海关、海事局、港口公司等多个部门，由于不同单位和部门在条块关系所导致的双重领导模式之下，缺乏有效的合作和沟通，从而使得口岸管理呈现出碎片化的特点，口岸管理综合效能亟待提高。

本文首先介绍了港澳流动渔民的特点和出入境边防检查管理现状，综合运用了参与观察

法、访谈分析法等多种研究方法，梳理总结新时期港澳流动渔民出入境边防检查过程中存在的主要问题：一是出入境边防检查主体力量相对薄弱；二是出入境管理制度规范有待完善；三是港澳流动渔民不同管理部门之间存在管理职能交叉。在此基础上，对国外在边境管控中采取的合作治理模式进行了有益的探讨，努力构建既保证严格管控又实现顺畅通关的口岸综合管理模式，提出了通过加强跨政府部门优势互补，提高海港合作治理能力及整体通关水平的具体建议如下：一是构建出入境边防检查合作治理新模式，发挥不同主体的管理优势；二是在开展合作治理的基础上，探索构建新管理模式，提升海港软硬件水平；三是加强多方力量齐抓共管，固化制度建设，完善督办监管；四是促进渔港基础设施升级改造，出台统一标准，挖掘观光休闲渔业潜力；五是加强高素质专业化人才队伍建设，发挥激励机制作用，构建警企合作管理模式。

本文认为，港澳流动渔民出入境边防检查管理面对新形势、新挑战，要主动应用新理论，

采取新对策。通过借鉴合作治理理论、风险管理理论等理论成果，引导各部门从各自为政的低效率管理，向上下联动、齐抓共管的合作管理发展，从而找准自身的公共管理主体定位，确保既做到顺畅通关，又做到严密管控，既保证良好的通关环境，又确保口岸安全稳定。通过对港澳流动渔民的研究，不仅对优化我国出入境边防检查管理工作与发展创新具有借鉴意义，同时也有助于增强社会对这一特殊群体的研究与理解，希望可以对国内港澳流动渔民的研究作出一点贡献。

With the global economic integration and the deepening of China's reform and opening-upprocess, the cross-border flow of people, logistics and information between China and othercountries and regions has become more and more frequent, especially since the implementationof the "Belt and Road" national development strategy. The development of China's coastal areas is developing into a high-speed stage, so seaports in the modern international trade and transport system in the modern international trade and transportation system continues to be highlighted,and the efficiency of ship entry and exit clearance gradually becomes an important indicator to measure the level of economic development and international competitiveness, which undoubtedly puts forward higher requirements on the management capacity level of border inspection authorities. Since the process of ship entry and exit involves different types of

business with strong professionalism, it will involve many departments such as border inspection authorities, local governments, customs, maritime authorities, port companies, etc. Due to the lack of effective cooperation and communication between different units and departments under the double leadership mode, which makes the port management with the characteristics of fragmentation, and the comprehensive efficiency of port management needs to be improved.

This paper firstly introduces the characteristics of Hong Kong and Macao mobile fishermen and the current situation of entry-exit border inspection management, and comprehensively uses various research methods such as participant observation method and interview analysis method to sort out and summarize the main problems in the process of entry-exit border inspection of Hong Kong and Macao mobile fishermen in the new era: firstly, the main force of entry-exit border inspection is relatively weak; secondly, the standard of entry-exit management system needs to be improved; thirdly, there is the functional crossover between different departments in managing Hong Kong and Macao mobile fishermen. And by applying cooperative governance and related public management theories, drawing on the practical exploration of cooperative governance of foreign entry-exit border control, and striving to build a comprehensive management model of the port that ensures both strict control and smooth customs clearance, the

following specific recommendations are proposed to improve the cooperative governance

capacity and overall customs clearance level of the seaport : Firstly, a new model of cooperativegovernance of entry-exit border control should be constructed, giving the advantage to different departments; secondly, the construction of a new management model should be explored on the basis of cooperative governance,in order to improve the level of seaport software and hardware;thirdly, the joint management of multiple forces, establishment of the system construction, and improvement of supervision and supervision should be strengthened ; fourthly, the upgrading of fishing port infrastructure, the introduction of unified standards, and the exploration of

potential of tourism and leisure fishing needed to be promoted; fifthly, the construction of high-quality professional personnel, the role of incentive mechanisms, and the building of Police enterprise cooperation management model is expected to be strengthened. This paper argues that the management of entry and exit border control for mobile fishermen in Hong Kong and Macao faces new situations and challenges, and that new theories should be actively applied and new countermeasures should be taken. By drawing on theoretical achievements such as cooperative governance theory, risk management theory, etc., to guide the development of each department and the development of cooperative management, so as to find their own public management subject positioning, ensuring both smooth customs clearance, achieving tight control, and ensuring a good customs clearance environment in security and stability. Through the study of mobile fishermen in Hong Kong and Macao, it is not only optimize the management and development innovation of entry-exit border control in China, but

also helps the society to enhance the study and understanding of this special group, and

hopefully which can make some contribution to the study of mobile fishermen in Hong Kong and Macao in China.