契诃夫是享誉世界的批判现实主义作家，他的小说常使用“反复手法”（repetition），包括词语反复、物象反复、情节反复等。本文以《一个文官的死》为例，第一部分聚焦文本语词的反复，包括词语反复和物象反复，分析反复在文本语言中的具体表现，分别探究它们对人物塑造和小说思想表达的作用；第二部分关注小说的情节反复，从《一个文官的死》这一单一文本开始分析情节反复，延伸到不同文本之间情节结构的反复，探究文本的互文性，最后讨论契诃夫小说中情节反复的类型特征；第三部分，从契诃夫创作特点中的追求简洁，在客观化叙述中不失思想的巧妙表现，选取生活化小事写作深刻社会主题三个方面，探讨契诃夫小说反复手法的创作机制。全文结合有关“反复”的理论对《一个文官的死》等具体文本展开分析，从创作手法的层面对契诃夫作品进行研究。 

Chekhov is a world-renowned critical realist writer. Repetition, including word repetition, images repetition and plot structure repetition, is common in Chekhov’s novels. This article will take "The Death of a Civil Official" as an example. The first part focuses on the repetition of textual elements, including word repetition and images repetition, trying to analyze the specific manifestations of repetition in the text and identify their roles in character shaping and novel theme expression. The second part focuses on the plot structure repetition of the novel. This part starts with the single text "The Death of a Civil Official" to analyze the plot structure repetition. Then the article extends to the repetition of plot structures between different texts, exploring the intertextuality of the texts, and finally discussing the type characteristic of plot structure repetition in Chekhov's novels. The third part explores the creative mechanism of repetition in Chekhov’s novels from three aspects: the pursuit of simplicity in his works, the expression of his subjective thoughts in objective narration, and the serious social themes in writing about daily trifles. The full text analyzes specific texts with the combination of the "repetition" theory, and studies Chekhov's works from the perspective of creative techniques.