用典作為中國古典文學中的重要藝術手法，充分體現了文人的才學和巧思，它隨著文人參與創作詞而在詞中扎根、繁榮。北宋時期，詞逐漸從娛樂性的歌發展成為文人抒懷言志的正式文學樣式。在詞文人化的演進歷程中，用典不僅始終伴隨，而且發揮著不可或缺的重要作用。緒論部分由李清照在《詞論》中關於北宋諸公用典的評論，引入對北宋詞用典問題的探討。首先對本文的選題意義做了簡要闡述。其次在界定典故概念的基礎上，對外延不夠清晰的語典、“代稱”等典故研究的核心要素做了必要的辨析和闡釋。進而，對北宋詞用典的研究現狀進行了梳理，并簡要展示本文對於晏殊、柳永、蘇軾、秦觀、賀鑄、周邦彥及李清照諸位北宋詞人用典狀況的數據統計結果，為進一步的深入研究提供數據支撑。第一章，梳理了唐五代詞的用典概況。早在詞興起之初，用典就已成為詞人們鐘愛的藝術手法。雖然唐五代“歌詞之詞”的用典在數量和質量上遠不及宋代，但從敦煌曲子詞事典主題的濃鬰世俗趣味，花間詞之詠“物”和仙道題材重用事，以及南唐詞之清麗深俊與不用典等方面，都已體現出早期詞用典的獨特之處。只有對早期詞之用典有了清晰的認識，才能為北宋詞用典的發展與新變找到準確的坐標。第二章，闡述了北宋詞用事的主題、技巧及功能問題。北宋是詞之用典發展的關鍵時期，在大量的創作實踐中，北宋詞之用事不僅形成了有別於其它體裁文學之用事的個性特征，而且代表了詞之用事的近乎完美狀態。北宋詞的用事基本集中在仙道神異、美人愛情和文人雅士三類主題上。北宋詞的用事大致分為以典寫物和借典抒情兩種主要類型。詞人們往往依據典故在詞中的不同功用，而選用截圖式特寫、擬人式喻寫、虛實融化式、及曲折跳躍式等不同的用事技巧。北宋詞的用事主要發揮意象性和敘事性兩大功能，本章重點以晏殊、周邦彥、賀鑄詞為代表來闡述北宋詞事典的意象性功能。第三、四章主要是將北宋詞用事的敘事性特色與詞體的演進歷程結合起來研究。第三章，論述了北宋詞人借用自況式用典來強化詞中自我身份意識的特點。詞中逐漸清晰的詞人自我身份意識，即詞中的自我抒情形象是體現詞自“歌”向“詩”演進的重要表征。北宋詞人常用借古人自況的用典方式來強化作者在詞作中的自我身份意識。本章在梳理了文人參與創作詞以來自我身份意識的發展概況基礎上，一方面，考察了以蘇軾為代表的北宋詞人善用歷史人物自我比況的用事方式。另一方面，分析了賀鑄、周邦彥、秦觀等人詞中通過自況式用典體現出的詞人自我身份意識。第四章，重點論述了用事的敘事性功能對於實現北宋詞之交際性的重要作用。北宋詞已逐漸成為文人之間交際的應用性文學樣式，而典故的敘事性功能恰恰輔助了詞實現文人間的交際功能。首先，通過詞中的人物代稱考察了北宋詞進入文人士大夫的交際領域的過程。其次，具體探討了北宋詞借以典代敘來實現的交際性特質。最後以北宋祝壽詞的用典特色為專題，進一步闡述了用事的敘事性功能與北宋詞的交際性之關系。第五章，對北宋詞中的語典使用狀況進行了綜合研究。《臨江仙》詞調化用唐詩的風氣，從一個側面展現了北宋詞人好用語典的盛況。本章通過對被譽為詞家正宗的秦觀、善化唐律入詞的賀鑄、周邦彥，以及提倡“詞別是一家”的李清照等詞人使用語典情況的分析，論述了北宋詞人“引詩為詞”的標準，化用語典的具體方式，語典的藝術功能等問題。結語對北宋詞用典的繁榮做了簡要反思，總結了北宋詞之用典的主要特征，即用典在詞中體現出的新質，并從詞之用典的角度重評北宋諸位詞人的詞史地位。最後辯證地概括了用典與詞體演進之間的雙贏關系。

As one of the extraordinary methods to create Chinese classic literature，‘allusion’ provides one way for use to explore the works. How to use the allusions in Ci, is very different from the classic poems. During the whole development of Ci, from the entertainment song style in banquet to the elegant lyric, the allusions aways play the key role in Ci. Northern Song Dynasty is the special period, in which Ci grown up and became perfect. So studies on this period is significant subject.The introduction briefly discusses the significance of the topics, defines the concept of allusion and basic theories, reviews the history and current situation on this topic, shows the statistics of allusions in Ci of Northern Song Dynasty.The first chapter combs the profile of allusions in Ci of Tang and Five dynasties. Although the dunhuang Ci is the early stage and folk pattern of Ci, the authors have begun to use allusions in it. The themes of dunhuang Ci revealed strong secular fun. The Ci of five dynasties including the Huajian Ci and Southern Tang Ci two parts. Allusions focuse on two major themes of object-chanting and immortal, and play the functions of both narrative and imagery. Because fresh style, so the Southern Tang Ci rarely used allusions.Chapter two analyzes the themes, artistic techniques and functions and other issues of allusions in Ci of Northern Song Dynasty. First, summarizes the immortal stories, beauty and love, refined scholars and literatus, which are the three main themes of allusions in Ci. Second, from the thinking model, lyric by allusions and description by allusions, to study the characteristics of artistic techniques of allusions in Ci. Finally, focuses on imagery function of allusions in Ci.The following two chapters are the main parts that analyze the relationship between using allusions and development of Ci.Chapter three researches the sense of self-identity of author in Ci, it is accompanied by the development of Ci continue to strengthen. When the evolution of Ci from song to poetry, the literatus of Northern Song accustomed to compare themselves with historical figures in Ci, in order to express their true feelings. In addition, Hezhu, Zhou Bangyan, Qinguan as an example to discuss the specific situation of their sense of self-identity in works.Chapter four concentrates on how to use allusions to develop the communicative functions of Ci of Northern Song Dynasty. When Ci has become the formal literary style as important as poetry, Ci by literatus of Northern Song Dynasty as the common communicative tools in literary field. This chapter investigates the instead of calling people in Ci that usually reflects the intercourse realm of works, researches Sushi and others borrowing allusions to describe the reality, which makes up for Ci’s birth defects of narrative. To the Ci writing for congratulate the birthday, for example, further elaborated the narrative features of allusions and intercourse of Ci.The topic of the fifth chapter is the quotations in Ci of Northern Song Dynasty. Based on different content of citing, the allusion could be divided into story and quotation two categories. Chapter five reveals the reasons for quotations flourishing in Ci of Northern Song Dynasty, dissertates the standards of selecting quotations, which always come from tang poetry, compares Hezhu with Zhou Bangyan, analyzed their different methods of citing tang poems into Ci.The summary part concludes the main features of allusions in Ci of Northern Song Dynasty, in combination with the use of allusions and evolution of Ci, re-evaluates the contributions of several well-known authors of Ci. Finally, dialectically considers that not only are allusions the characterization of song Ci, but also allusions are the significant artistic approaches for the evolution of Ci