社会组织作为国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的必要构成，是社会协同、公众参与社会治理的重要主体和依托。因此，如何推动社会组织高质量发展，促进社会组织更加深入地参与到国家治理体系和治理能力现代化建设之中并发挥其积极作用，是实践层面需要加以研究的一个重大现实问题。

从理论上来看，进入社会治理时代之后，学术界更加关注对于“治理型社会组织”的研究，但不能简单地将“治理型社会组织”理解为在社会治理时代对社会组织的一种统一的称谓，换句话说，并非所有的社会组织在进入社会治理时代之后，都能够胜任政府转移职能所释放出的治理功能。因此，对于“治理型社会组织”的概念认识、核心特征和发育要件，也迫切需要一种理论上的廓清。

基于上述现实和理论的重要关切，本文聚焦于以下研究问题：第一，社会组织发展所需的关键性条件有哪些？这些要件相互之间有着怎样的关系？它们如何影响社会组织的发展？第二，社会组织发展的方向和路径是怎样的？第三，有效的社会组织支持策略应当包含哪些关键因素，这些因素如何发挥作用？尊重社会组织发展规律的支持策略为何？对这些问题的回答，在理论层面，有助于深化对于社会组织的类型的认识，使“分类监管”“分类支持”具有更加科学的学理支撑。同时将社会组织的发展置于政府职能转移、管理体制改革、政治要素等宏观制度环境中考量，也有助于拓展对于如何理解政社关系这一重要理论问题的认识。此外，在推动实践进步方面，可以为社会组织自身、资助方以及公共政策的制定者提供现实的启发。

因此，本文以中国红十字基金会5•12灾后重建公开招标项目，及其所资助的部分社会组织在后续长达十余年的发展历程，开展了一个纵向的、嵌入性的案例研究，力图在一个相对较长的时间跨度之中记录社会组织的发育与成长，将影响其发展的关键要素尽可能涵盖进来，并借助在前人研究基础之上所发展出的“选择性支持”分析框架进行理论分析，并得出如下研究结论：

其一，社会组织的发展包含四个关键要件。分别是：在一定的自主空间下社会组织得以萌生；社会组织所秉承的特定的价值理念开始彰显；在运作过程中逐渐发展出的解决社会问题的专业能力，以及在获得资金资助的同时得到陪伴性的能力支持而非管控。

其二，社会组织的发展路径和演替方向可以表述为：社会组织在一定的自主空间下萌生，表达自身的价值理念，之后凭借解决社会问题的专业能力和共享价值进入“井字形”中间地带，成为治理型社会组织，由此，更大程度地承接政府转移职能，更加深入地参与国家治理体系现代化建设。

    其三，从理论上对社会组织的发展路径有一个根本性的认识之后，可以对社会组织发展的支持策略及其产生的效果进行更加深入的阐释：（1）对社会组织采取两种不同的策略——“敏感与防范”、“鉴别与支持”，将分别导致阻碍和促进两种截然相反的效果。（2）“选择性支持”的核心在于专业能力的支持。（3）在资金支持的同时加以管控，则会限制甚或阻碍社会组织的发展。

    最后，本文提出对社会组织进行“选择性支持”的理论涵义：将治理型社会组织鉴别出来，提供资金和陪伴性的能力支持。

    在上述研究结论的基础上，本文从社会组织自身发展的努力方向、对公益领域中的资助方的建议、社会组织管理政策的优化三个层面给出了支持社会组织发展的相关建议。

As a necessary composition of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, NGOs are important subjects and support for social cooperation and public participation in social governance. Therefore, how to promote the high-quality development of NGOs and facilitate their more profound participation in the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, is a major realistic issue that needs to be studied at the practical level.

On the other hand, in theoretically, after entering the era of social governance, the academic world pays more attention to the research on "Governance oriented NGOs". However, "Governance oriented NGOs" cannot be simply regarded as a unified title for NGOs in the era of social governance. In other words, not all NGOs are capable of the governance function released by the transfer of government functions after entering the era of social governance. Therefore, it is urgent to clarify the concept, core characteristics and developmental elements of "Governance oriented NGOs" in theory.

Based on the important concerns of the above reality and theory, this article focuses on the following research issues: First, what are the key conditions for the development of NGOs? What is the relationship between these elements? How can they affect the development of NGOs? Second, what is the direction and path of the development of NGOs? Third, what are the key factors of effective support strategies of NGOs, and how do they work? What is the purpose of supporting strategies that respect the law of development? The answers to these questions, from the theoretical level, help to deepen the understanding of the types of NGOs, so that "classification supervision" and "classification support" have more scientific theoretical support. At the same time, the development of NGOs is considered in the macro institutional environment such as the transfer of government functions, the reform of management system, and political elements, which also helps to expand the understanding of the important theoretical problem of how to understand the relationship between government and society. In addition, in promoting practical progress, it can provide practical inspiration for NGOs themselves, funders, and public policy makers.

Therefore, this paper focuses on the case of CRCF funding NGOs to participate in post-Wenchuan earthquake reconstruction, and the subsequent development of some NGOs funded by it for more than 10 years, and carries out a longitudinal and embedded case study, trying to record the development and growth of NGOs in a relatively long time span, including the key factors affecting their development as much as possible, and makes theoretical analysis with the help of the "selective support" analytical framework developed on the basis of previous studies. The main conclusions of this study are as follows:

First, the development of NGOs consists of four key elements. They are: the emergence of NGOs in a certain space of autonomy, the emergence of specific values adhered to by NGOs, the professional ability to solve social problems gradually developed in the process of operation, and the ability to support rather than control when receiving financial assistance.

Second, the development path and succession direction of NGOs can be expressed as follows: NGOs sprout in a certain independent space, express their own value concepts, and then enter the "# Type" middle zone by virtue of their professional ability to solve social problems and shared value, and become "Governance oriented NGOs". Thus, they can undertake government transfer functions to a greater extent and participate more deeply in the modernization of the national governance system. In short, from the "# Type" around into the middle zone.

Third, after having a fundamental understanding of the development path of NGOs from a theoretical perspective, it is possible to provide a more in-depth explanation of the support strategies and the effects they produce: (1) Taking two different strategies towards NGOs - "sensitive and cautious" and "identification and support" will lead to two opposite effects of promoting and hindering. (2) The core of "selective support" lies in professional ability support. (3) Controlling funding support while providing it will limit or even hinder the development of NGOs.

Finally, this article proposes the theoretical meaning of "Selective Support" for social NGOs: identifying Governance oriented NGOs and providing financial and companionship capacity building.

Based on these conclusions, this paper offers relevant suggestions for supporting the development of NGOs from three levels: the optimization of NGOs management policies, the suggestions for other charity sponsors, and the efforts of NGOs themselves.