随着中国特色社会主义进入新时代，我国社会的主要矛盾转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分发展之间的矛盾，社会结构也发生了深刻的变革。人民群众对美好生活的需要中也包括着不断增长的体育健身需求，党和国家也逐渐重视国民的身体健康程度并颁布了一系列政策措施。同时，随着第二届全国青年运动会即将在太原举办，太原迎来了发展体育事业的绝佳机会。在这样的大背景下，本研究基于社会分层理论，对太原市居民的体育健身情况进行了调查。试图从社会分层角度来了解、探究太原市居民体育健身行为的特征与影响因素，并针对不同阶层的居民提出相应的引导对策，以期发展更多的体育人口，使得太原市全民健身可以发展得更加平衡、充分。 本研究以太原市居民的体育健身行为现状为研究对象，采用文献资料法、问卷调查法及数理统计法，基于在太原市六大主城区发放并回收的527份有效问卷对太原市居民的人口统计学特征、社会分层情况、各阶层居民的体育健身行为特点、影响因素、相关需求以及发展对策等几方面进行了研究，得到了以下的研究结论： （1）太原市体育人口数量较少，参与体育健身的居民在性别、年龄、社会阶层等方面存在差异；（2）“增强体质”为各阶层居民的首要健身目的；（3）不同社会阶层的居民在体育健身意识方面存在差异，居民整体对体育健身的情感态度有待提高；（4）不同社会阶层居民显性体育健身行为特点存在异同；（5）惰性较大为影响太原市居民参与体育健身的首要主观因素；（6）体育健身场地的缺失成为制约中层及以上居民参与健身的主要客观因素；（7）各阶层居民对体育健身相关的需求情况不同，中上层居民为各类需求均较为旺盛的一个阶层，而下层居民的各类需求则较低；（8）针对各阶层的不同特点，发展各阶层体育人口的侧重点有所不同。 通过调查研究，对未来太原市发展体育人口提出了以下建议：（1）加强媒体宣传舆论引导，提升居民体育健身意识；（2）创新媒体宣传形式，提升居民健身热情；（3）提升公共体育健身场地设施供给水平和质量，便利居民参与体育健身；（4）丰富公共体育服务供给，引领居民进行科学健身。 在未来的研究中可对相关的量表进行更新与探讨，同时加入对居民健身消费方面的调查，促进体育产业和体育事业的共同发展。

As socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new era, the main contradiction in our society is transformed into a contradiction between the people's growing need for a better life and the uneven development. The needs of the people for a better life also include the growing demand for physical fitness, and the social structure has undergone profound changes. The party and the state have also gradually attached importance to the health of the people and issued a series of policy measures. At the same time, with the upcoming 2nd National Youth Games Taiyuan held, Taiyuan ushered in an excellent opportunity to develop sports. Under such a background, this study investigates statistics and data from the perspective of social stratification on the current situation of residents of Taiyuan City participating in physical fitness. This study analyzes the characteristics and influencing factors of physical fitness behavior of residents in Taiyuan from the perspective of social stratification, and proposes corresponding guiding measures to develop more sports population, which makes Taiyuan City's national fitness development more balanced and sufficient. This study takes the current situation of physical fitness behavior of residents in Taiyuan as the research object. Research is carried out by means of literature methods, questionnaires and mathematical statistics. Based on 527 valid questionnaires distributed and collected in the six main urban areas of Taiyuan City, the demographic characteristics, participation in physical fitness, physical fitness behavior, influencing factors, related fitness needs and development strategies of residents in various classes in Taiyuan City were studied. This study has obtained the following research conclusions: (1) The number of sports population in Taiyuan City is small, and residents participating in physical fitness have differences in gender, age and social class; (2) “Enhanced physical fitness” is the primary fitness goal for residents of all walks of life; (3) Residents of different social strata have differences in physical fitness awareness, and the overall emotional attitude of residents to physical fitness needs to be improved; (4) There are similarities and differences in the characteristics of dominant physical fitness behavior among residents of different social strata; (5) Large inertia has become the primary subjective factor affecting the participation of residents of Taiyuan City in physical fitness; (6) The lack of physical fitness venues has become the main objective factor restricting the participation of middle-level and above residents in fitness; (7) Residents of all walks of life have different needs related to physical fitness. The upper middle class residents are a class with relatively strong demand, while the lower class residents have lower demand; (8) Different strategies for developing sports populations can be adopted for different characteristics of different classes. The following suggestions are proposed for the development of sports population in Taiyuan City: (1) strengthen media propaganda and guidance, and enhance residents' awareness of physical fitness; (2) innovate media propaganda forms to enhance residents' fitness enthusiasm; (3) upgrade public gymnasium facilities supply, facilitate residents to participate in physical fitness; (4) Enrich the supply of public sports services and lead residents to exercise scientifically. In the future research, relevant scales can be updated and discussed; surveys on residents' fitness consumption can be added to promote the common development of sports industry and sports.