自新中国成立后，我国政府就十分重视教育，但由于地域差异等原因，我国的教育资源分配十分不均匀，这也导致我国各地区之间存在着巨大的教育不平等，国内外学者均认为教育是影响收入的重要因素之一，那么教育不平等会给城乡居民的收入不平等带来什么影响呢？2000至2022年这23年间各省的面板数据的实证研究可以解答这个问题，通过使用泰尔指数和基尼系数对不平等程度进行测度，研究证实：教育不平等与收入不平等之间呈显著正相关，教育不平等的增大会进一步扩大收入差距。教育不平等每增加1%，收入不平等会增加0.188%，其影响机制是教育不平等可以降低就业劳动力的比例，并且降低劳动者的生产力，从而导致收入差距被拉大。

Since the foundation of the PRC, the government of China has attached much significance to education. However, due to regional disparities and other factors, the allocation of educational resources in China is highly uneven, resulting in significant educational inequality between different regions. Both domestic and international scholars consider education as one of the key factors influencing income. So, what impact does educational inequality have on income inequality among urban and rural residents in China? This question can be addressed through empirical research using panel data from all provinces over the 23-year period from 2000 to 2022. By employing the Theil index and Gini coefficient to measure the degree of inequality, the research findings indicate a significant positive correlation between educational inequality and income inequality. An increase in educational inequality further widens the income gap, with every 1% increase in educational inequality corresponding to a 0.188% increase in income inequality. The mechanism underlying this effect lies in the ability of educational inequality to decrease the proportion of employed labor force and reduce labor productivity, consequently widening the income gap.